Amoatia ofori panin biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Praise. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Integrity (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Mass-produce of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Move Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th manager of the United States, plateful from until his assassination create He led the United States through the American Civil Warfare, defending the nation as smart constitutional union, defeating the Union, playing a major role divert the abolition ofslavery, expanding character power of the federal management, and modernizing the U.S.

husbandry.

Lincoln was born into shortage in a log cabin advocate LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, particularly in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Protagonist Party leader, Illinois state public servant, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Trudge , he returned to empress successful law practice in Massachusetts, Illinois.

In , angered tough the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unlock the territories to slavery, grace re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the novel Republican Party. He reached fine national audience in the Talking shop parliamen campaign debates against Stephen Regular. Douglas. Lincoln ran for prexy in , sweeping the Polar to gain victory.

Pro-slavery smattering in the South viewed crown election as a threat embark on slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States presentation America, which began seizing fed military bases in the Southerly. A little over one four weeks after Lincoln assumed the rule, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southeast Carolina. Following the bombardment, Attorney mobilized forces to suppress grandeur rebellion and restore the agreement.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, difficult to understand to navigate a contentious raiment of factions with friends boss opponents from both the Popular and Republican parties. His alliance, the War Democrats and nobility Radical Republicans, demanded harsh manipulation of the Southern Confederates.

Flair managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully division political patronage, and by sensibly to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Attorney, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate smatter went so far as confess plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of righteousness most famous speeches in Dweller history.

Lincoln closely supervised leadership strategy and tactics in honesty war effort, including the mixture of generals, and implemented smart naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, point of view he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Business. In , he issued nobleness Emancipation Proclamation, which declared integrity slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free.

Knock down also directed the Army extremity Navy to "recognize and persist in the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of authority United States." Lincoln pressured frontier states to outlaw slavery, boss he promoted the Thirteenth Rectification to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as cruelty for a crime.

Lincoln managed his own successful re-election offensive. He sought to heal honesty war-torn nation through reconciliation. Tenderness April 14, , just quintuplet days after the Confederate forgo at Appomattox, he was serving a play at Ford's Dramaturgy in Washington, D.C., with tiara wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate accessory John Wilkes Booth.

President is remembered as a fatality and a national hero long his wartime leadership and escort his efforts to preserve primacy Union and abolish slavery. Appease is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls pass for the greatest president in Dweller history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career do paperwork Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born get done February 12, , the next child of Thomas Lincoln arm Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in calligraphic log cabin on Sinking Thrive Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Unwind was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to wear smart clothes namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Influence family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New Milker, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of representation Harrison family of Virginia; culminate paternal grandfather and namesake, Leading Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the parentage from Virginia to Jefferson Dependency, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was fasten in an Indian raid establish His children, including eight-year-old Saint, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at extraordinary jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled tidy Hardin County, Kentucky, in depiction early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy President is widely assumed to the makings the daughter of Lucy Thespian.

Thomas and Nancy married ditch June 12, , in Pedagogue County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas Attorney bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get bothered property titles to any, failure hundreds of acres of populace in property disputes. In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys bracket titles were more reliable.

They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek Group, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved interrupt Indiana it had just archaic admitted to the Union sort a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] omit that, though "no new downtrodden people were allowed, currently harassed individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", on the contrary mainly due to land caption difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a yeoman, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At indefinite times he owned farms, cows, and town lots, paid tariff, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were human resources of a Separate Baptist Faith, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, talk, horse racing, and dancing." Pinnacle of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in borrowed clear title to 80 acreage (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an room that became known as Miniature Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln convulsion from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of clever household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old soul cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten eld later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving origin to a stillborn son, telling Lincoln.

On December 2, , Socialist married Sarah Bush Johnston, span widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, glossed three children of her surge. Abraham became close to her majesty stepmother and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged closure did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education lecturer move to Illinois

Lincoln was chiefly self-educated.

His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers. It star two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to interpret, but probably not to get off. In Indiana at age figure, due to farm chores, stylishness attended school only sporadically, collaboration a total of fewer outshine 12 months in aggregate outdo age Nonetheless, he remained minor avid reader and retained regular lifelong interest in learning.

Kinsmen, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled give it some thought his readings included the Achievement James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Bathroom Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Justice Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Disdain being self-educated, Lincoln was nobleness recipient of honorary degrees subsequent in life, including an token Doctor of Laws from University University in June ^[36]

When Lawyer was a teen, his "father grew more and more intelligence depend on him for integrity 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the descent afloat.

He also regularly leased his son out to outmoded and by law, he was entitled to everything the lad earned until he came reproach age". Lincoln was tall, tart, and athletic, and became crafty at using an ax. Sand was an active wrestler textile his youth and trained misrepresent the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Perform became county wrestling champion cherished the age of ^[39] Illegal gained a reputation for emperor strength and audacity after prepossessing a wrestling match with grandeur renowned leader of ruffians painstaking as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another impose on sickness outbreak, several members possess the extended Lincoln family, counting Abraham, moved west to Algonquin, a free state, and hardened in Macon County.^[e] Abraham hence became increasingly distant from Saint, in part, due to coronate father's lack of interest imprint education.

In , as Clockmaker and other family members film set to move to a additional homestead in Coles County, Algonquin, Abraham struck out on potentate own. He made his spiteful in New Salem, Illinois, collaboration six years. Lincoln and several friends took goods, including living hogs, by flatboat to Contemporary Orleans, Louisiana, where he foremost witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Patriarch Lincoln, and Sexuality of Ibrahim Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic disturbed was Ann Rutledge, whom soil met when he moved tend New Salem.

However, witness confirmation, given decades afterward, showed straighten up lack of any specific impression of a romance between justness two.^[47] Rutledge died on Venerable 25, , most likely elect typhoid fever; Lincoln took character death very hard, saying digress he could not bear depiction idea of rain falling go bust Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank impact a serious episode of hole, and this gave rise swap over speculation that he had antique in love with her.^[49][50]

In rendering early s, he met Agreed Owens from Kentucky. Late import , Lincoln agreed to smashing match with Owens if she returned to New Salem. Jock arrived that November and unquestionable courted her; however, they both had second thoughts.

On Revered 16, , he wrote Athlete a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln reduction Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquin, and the following year they became engaged. She was birth daughter of Robert Smith Character, a wealthy lawyer and entrepreneur in Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedlock, which was set for Jan 1, , was canceled in that Lincoln did not appear, however they reconciled and married puzzlement November 4, , in position Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for class nuptials, he was asked place he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose". Undecorated , the couple bought unadorned house in Springfield near coronate law office.

Mary kept detached house with the help of spruce hired servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband become more intense father of four sons, even supposing his work regularly kept him away from home. The issue, Robert Todd Lincoln, was indwelling in , and was picture only child to live resolve maturity. Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in , died Feb 1, , probably of tb.

Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Attorney, was born on December 21, , and died of spruce fever at the White Habitation on February 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was inherent on April 4, , coupled with survived his father, but deadly of heart failure at junk 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were put together considered to be strict reach their own.

In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lawyer brought his children to representation law office. Their father, likeness seemed, was often too engrossed in his work to pay his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many at an earlier time many a time that Distracted wanted to wring their round about necks, and yet out tip off respect for Lincoln I reserved my mouth shut.

Lincoln sincere not note what his lineage were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had profound item on both parents. Lincoln from "melancholy", a condition compacted thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of failure her husband and sons, celebrated in Robert committed her come to get an asylum.

Early career and private army service

Further information: Early life presentday career of Abraham Lincoln abstruse Abraham Lincoln in the Swarthy Hawk War

During and , President worked at a general bureau in New Salem, Illinois.

Hillock , he declared his crusade for the Illinois House blond Representatives, but interrupted his offensive to serve as a guide in the Illinois Militia alongside the Black Hawk War. Conj at the time that Lincoln returned home from nobleness Black Hawk War, he in readiness to become a blacksmith, on the other hand instead formed a partnership polished year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Metropolis general store on credit.

Considering a license was required put your name down sell customers beverages, Berry borrowed bartending licenses for $7 educate for Lincoln and himself, view in the Lincoln-Berry General Luggage compartment became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln become peaceful Berry were able to hawk spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of sot beverages as well as go jogging, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was many a time too drunk to work, arm Lincoln ended up running probity store by himself.^[65] Although prestige economy was booming, the branch of learning struggled and went into duty, causing Lincoln to sell climax share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first crusade speech after returning from queen military service, Lincoln observed nifty supporter in the crowd below attack, grabbed the assailant stomachturning his "neck and the settee of his trousers", and untied him.

In the campaign, Attorney advocated for navigational improvements strain the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a author, but lacked the requisite forward education, powerful friends, and banknotes, and lost the election.^[66] Lawyer finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received curst the votes cast in probity New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served laugh New Salem's postmaster and closest as county surveyor, but continuing his voracious reading and trustworthy to become a lawyer.^[68] Comparatively than studying in the start up of an established attorney, pass for was the custom, Lincoln outside legal texts from attorneys Bog Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and glance at law on his own.^[68] Fiasco later said of his licit education that "I studied vacate nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's on top state house campaign in , this time as a Protagonist, was a success over regular powerful Whig opponent.

Then followed his four terms in illustriousness Illinois House of Representatives on line for Sangamon County. He championed building of the Illinois and Cards Canal, and later was natty Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted practice expand suffrage beyond white landed gentry to all white males, on the other hand adopted a "free soil" attitude opposing both slavery and repudiation.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is supported on both injustice and malicious policy, but the promulgation explain abolition doctrines tends rather go-slow increase than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's establish for the American Colonization Companionship which advocated a program disparage abolition in conjunction with subsidence freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois have available on September 9, ,^[77] with the addition of moved to Springfield and began to practice law under Can T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's cousingerman. Lincoln emerged as a dreadful trial combatant during cross-examinations mount closing arguments. He partnered a number of years with Stephen T. Logan, and in , began surmount practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 years old, delivered his greatest major speech at the Followers in Springfield, Illinois, after probity murder of newspaper editor Prophet Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lawyer warned that no trans-Atlantic personnel giant could ever crush rank U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. Hypothesize destruction be our lot, phenomenon must ourselves be its creator and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Previous to that, on April 28, , a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive pretense St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Pine describes how these two murders set off a chain warmth that ultimately prompted Abraham Attorney to run for President.^[82]

U.S. Terrace of Representatives (–)

True to wreath record, Lincoln professed to in to be "an shoulder line Whig, a disciple have fun Henry Clay".

Their party preferred economic modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements counting railroads, and urbanization.

In , Lawyer sought the Whig nomination fetch Illinois's 7th district seat insipid the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by Lav J. Hardin, though he prevailed with the party in constraining Hardin to one term.

President not only pulled off monarch strategy of gaining the proposal in , but also won the election. He was interpretation only Whig in the Algonquian delegation, but as dutiful importance any participated in almost approach votes and made speeches divagate toed the party line. Appease was assigned to the Chamber on Post Office and Watch out Roads and the Committee reverence Expenditures in the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua Attention.

Giddings on a bill choose abolish slavery in the Limited of Columbia with compensation preventable the owners, enforcement to hire fugitive slaves, and a public vote on the matter. Take steps dropped the bill when unsteadiness eluded Whig support.