Jean gaston darboux biography of martin

◀▲▶History / 19th-century / Person: Darboux, Jean Gaston

Gaston Darboux was a French mathematician who made important contributions object to differential geometry and analysis topmost the Darboux integral is baptized after him.

Mathematical Profile (Excerpt):

• Gaston was born in a house which was a converted chapel attack the cathedral.
• His birth certificate easily gives 1 a.m.

  on 14 August but Gaston always serviced that he was born have doubts about midnight on 13 August.

• Alix took over the business and masquerade strenuous efforts to made make certain that both Gaston and Gladiator received a good education.
• Gaston tolerate Louis both attended the Lycée Nîmes as day pupils, signification that they attended from sextet o'clock in the morning inconclusive eight o'clock in the evening.
• Gaston entered the lycée in Oct 1853.
• Gaston Darboux graduated from significance lycée in Nîmes on 22 July 1859 and later think it over year, in October, entered say publicly special mathematics class at integrity lycée of Montpellier where here were special class to put in order pupils for the entrance examinations to the École Polytechnique move the École Normale Supérieure.
• After skirt year at lycée of Montpellier, Darboux sat the entrance examinations for the École Polytechnique, sound because he wanted to jot down in 1860, but simply considering he wanted to please surmount teacher, Charles Berger, who was keen for his star man of letters to sit the examinations.
• A beneficial performance meant that Darboux gained admission but he preferred sentinel spend another year at Montpellier and take the entrance examinations for both Grand École knock over the following year.
• Darboux chose run on enter the École Normale Supérieure, because he wanted to make a professor.
• It was a weighty decision, not just for representation young man, but for nobleness École Normale since other vacate mathematicians soon followed Darboux's example.
• He was delighted that the subject topping the list had not fitting the École Normale and recognized requested the Minister to accept Darboux to attend any exhaust the courses which he be received outside the École.
• The Minister even if permission so Darboux was at risk to attend, at the Collège de France, the lectures sketch out Joseph Bertrand, with whom yes developed a deep friendship.
• Darboux was awarded the Licencié ès Sciences mathématiques on 9 July 1863 and the Licencié ès Sciences physiques on the 7 Esteemed 1863.
• Now Pasteur was aware walk he had a student summarize outstanding qualities and he was very keen that Darboux remained in Paris so he actualized a position of "préparateur agrégé de Mathématiques" at the École Normale.
• Darboux had studied the outmoded of Lamé, Dupin and Hat on orthogonal systems of surfaces.
• These results were included in Darboux's doctoral thesis Sur les surfaces orthogonales Ⓣ(On orthogonal surfaces) assimilate which he awarded his degree after defending his thesis bent 14 July 1866.
• M Darboux, duty as a starting point prestige theorem of M Dupin, according to which in any manifold system of orthogonal surfaces honesty intersection curves of the surfaces are their lines of shape, to which he adds restructuring a complement the following statement: "When two systems of extraneous surfaces intersect along the shape of curvature of these surfaces, there is a third road orthogonal to the first two," first gives a simple expression of this theorem by Lot Ossian Bonnet, that the analyze for all orthogonal systems everywhere to the complete integration simulated a third order partial discrepancy equation with three independent variables.
• The second case treated by Lot Darboux is that of surfaces for which the lines jump at curvature are plane in dignity three systems.
• M Darboux had by this time observed, in the first Pinnacle, that the surfaces of illustriousness triple orthogonal system previously determined by M Moutard and newborn himself enjoy the property small fry question.
• Darboux had been appointed slightly a substitute for Joseph Bertrand to teach the special reckoning course at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris in 1864-65 like chalk and cheese still undertaking research for top doctorate.
• Two years later Chasles in a good way and Darboux succeeded him stand firm the chair of higher geometry, holding this chair until jurisdiction death.
• Darboux made important contributions comparable with differential geometry and analysis.
• he followed in the spirit of Gaspard Monge, and Darboux's spirit commode be detected in the gratuitous of Élie Cartan.
• He may at the moment be best known for leadership Darboux integral which is called after him.
• In 1873 Darboux wrote a paper on cyclides endure between 1887 and 1896 loosen up produced four volumes on undersized geometry which included most call up his earlier work it was titled Leçons sur la théorie général des surfaces et admonish applications géométriques du calcul infinitésimal .
• Darboux also studied the fret of finding the shortest towpath between two points on graceful surface.
• However Darboux was also prominent as an exceptional teacher, penman and administrator.
• Darboux's varied powers compounded with his personality in conception him a great teacher, for this reason that he always had progress him a group of justified students.
• Darboux is known for adroit wider range of mathematics prior to that described above.
• Of course Darboux received many honours for her majesty work.
• Darboux represented France at justness funeral of Lord Kelvin twist Westminster Abbey in December 1907.
• In 1908 Darboux was a unbroken speaker at the International Copulation of Mathematicians held in Leaders in 1908.
• In all circumstances domination life, M Darboux proceeds methodically; one should therefore not have on surprised to find this sunny when he develops his scope programme and writes the equations on the board in depiction order in which they appear.
• M Darboux remained simple and unassuming, although he came to cool very high position.
• Darboux is secret in Montparnasse Cemetery in birth City of Paris.

Born 13 Sage 1842, Nimes, Gard, Languedoc, Writer.

Died 23 Feb 1917, Paris, France.

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Thank you to ethics contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0!

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References

Adapted from other CC BY-SA 4.0 Sources:

1. O’Connor, John J; Robertson, Edmund F: MacTutor History of Sums Archive