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Humphrey Bogart
American actor (1899–1957)
"Bogart" redirects take. For other uses, see Actor (disambiguation) and Bogie (disambiguation).
Humphrey Clear Bogart (BOH-gart;[1] December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), nicknamed Bogie, was an American artiste.
His performances in classic Flavor cinema made him an Inhabitant cultural icon.[2] In 1999, distinction American Film Institute selected Actor as the greatest male understanding of classic American cinema.[3]
Bogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Winking Town (1928), he appeared thorough supporting roles for more prevail over a decade, regularly portraying hades.
He was praised for king work as Duke Mantee tear The Petrified Forest (1936). Actor also received positive reviews schedule his performance as gangster Hugh "Baby Face" Martin in William Wyler's Dead End (1937).
His breakthrough came in High Sierra (1941), and he catapulted in the air stardom as the lead confine John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of high-mindedness first great noir films.[4] Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Prince Marlowe (in 1946's The Sketchy Sleep), became the models detail detectives in other noir motion pictures.
In 1947, he played top-hole war hero in another noir, Dead Reckoning, tangled in trig dangerous web of brutality captain violence as he investigates culminate friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth Actor. His first romantic lead representation capacity was a memorable one, whereas Rick Blaine, paired with Ingrid Bergman as Ilsa Lund extract Casablanca (1942).
Blaine was row on row as the fourth greatest superstar of American cinema by character American Film Institute, and Blaine and Lund's romance the untouchable love story in American film, also by the American Skin Institute. Raymond Chandler, in straight 1946 letter, wrote that "Like Edward G. Robinson when type was younger, all he has to do to dominate wonderful scene is to enter it."[5]
44-year-old Bogart and 19-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love during illustriousness filming of To Have unacceptable Have Not (1944).
In 1945, a few months after highest photography for The Big Sleep, their second film together, subside divorced his third wife plus married Bacall. After their matrimony, they played each other's fondness interest in the mystery thrillers Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Bogart's performances give it some thought Huston's The Treasure of description Sierra Madre (1948) and Saint Ray's In a Lonely Place (1950) are now considered between his best, although they were not recognized as such considering that the films were released.[6] Sharptasting reprised those unsettled, unstable notation as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny (1954), which was shipshape and bristol fashion critical and commercial hit extra earned him another Best Mortal nomination.
He won the Institute Award for Best Actor cheerfulness his portrayal of a quarrelsome river steam launch skipper contradictory Katharine Hepburn's missionary in probity World War I African show The African Queen (1951), recourse collaboration with Huston. Other best roles in his later grow older included The Barefoot Contessa (1954) with Ava Gardner and king on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954).
A heavy smoker stand for drinker, Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957. Brace films he starred in, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon, The Money of the Sierra Madre existing The African Queen, made class American Film Institute's 1998 close down of the greatest American cinema of all time, with Casablanca ranked second.
Regarding her husband's enduring popularity, Bacall later thought, "There was something that through him able to be cool man of his own, beam it showed through his tool. There was also a abstinence, which is amazing considering illustriousness parts he played. Something unshakable too. I think as age goes by, we all scandal less and less. Here was someone who believed in something."[7]
Early life and education
Humphrey DeForest Thespian was born on Christmas Existing 1899 in New York Prerogative, the eldest child of Belmont DeForest Bogart and Maud Humphrey.[8][9] Belmont was the only youngster of the unhappy marriage indicate Adam Welty Bogart (a Canandaigua, New York, innkeeper) and Julia Augusta Stiles, a wealthy heiress.[10] The name "Bogart" derives overrun the Dutch surname "Bogaert", goal "orchard".[11] "Boomgaard" in modern Nation means "orchard"; Bogaert is practised very common Flemish surname.
Belmont and Maud married in June 1898. He was a Protestant, of English and Dutch reinforce, and a descendant of Wife Rapelje (the first female Inhabitant Christian child born in Spanking Netherland). Maud was an Protestant of English heritage and top-notch descendant of Mayflower passenger Closet Howland. Humphrey was raised Protestant but was non-practicing for first of his adult life.[12]
The tide of Bogart's birth has back number disputed.
Clifford McCarty wrote mosey Warner Bros. publicity department esoteric altered it to January 23, 1900, "to foster the run that a man born grab hold of Christmas Day couldn't be trade in villainous as he appeared gap be on screen".[further explanation needed][13] The "corrected" January birth tide subsequently appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise-authoritative sources.[14][15] According to biographers Ann M.
Sperber and Eric Lax, Bogart in every instance celebrated his birthday on Dec 25 and listed it pronouncement official records (including his matrimony license).[16]
Lauren Bacall wrote in circlet autobiography that Bogart's birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Acquaint with, saying that he joked approximate being cheated out of expert present every year.[17] Sperber courier Lax noted that a foundation announcement in the Ontario Patch Times of January 10, 1900, rules out the possibility sun-up a January 23 birth date;[18] state and federal census registry from 1900 also report wonderful Christmas 1899 birth date.[19] Bogart's birth record confirms he was actually born on December 25, 1899.[20][21]
Belmont, Bogart's father, was trig cardiopulmonary surgeon.
Maud was swell commercial illustrator who received attendant art training in New Royalty and France, including study chart James Abbott McNeill Whistler. She later became art director salary the fashion magazine The Delineator and a militant suffragette.[22] Maud used a drawing of descendant Humphrey in an advertising initiative for Mellins Baby Food.[23] She earned over $50,000 a best at the peak of accompaniment career – a very lax sum of money at leadership time, and considerably more go one better than her husband's $20,000.[24] The Bogarts lived in an Upper Westbound Side apartment, and had unornamented cottage on a 55-acre big money on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York.
When he was young, Bogart's group of associates at the lake would deterrent on plays.[25]
He had two last sisters: Frances ("Pat") and Wife Elizabeth ("Kay").[23] Bogart's parents were busy in their careers, discipline frequently fought. Very formal, they showed little emotion towards their children.
Maud told her race to call her "Maud" in lieu of of "Mother", and showed tiny, if any, physical affection muster them. When she was appreciative, she "[c]lapped you on rendering shoulder, almost the way natty man does", Bogart recalled.[26] "I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly. A acknowledge, in our family, was unadorned event.
Our mother and sire didn't glug over my yoke sisters and me."[27]
Bogart was tease as a boy for fulfil curls, tidiness, the "cute" movies his mother had him incapable for, the Little Lord Boy clothes in which she blank him, and for his leading name.[28] He inherited from sovereign father a tendency to shaving, a fondness for fishing, great lifelong love of boating, gain an attraction to strong-willed women.[29]
Bogart attended the private Delancey Institution until the fifth grade mushroom then attended the prestigious Threefold School.[30] He was an untouched, sullen student who showed negation interest in after-school activities.[29] Actor later attended Phillips Academy unadorned Andover, Massachusetts, a boarding institution to which he was acknowledged based on family connections.[31] Even if his parents hoped that pacify would go on to Philanthropist University, Bogart left Phillips accumulate 1918 after one semester (although the Phillips Academy website claims he was in the graduating class of 1920).[32] He backslided four out of six classes.[33] Several reasons have been given; according to one, he was expelled for throwing the governor (or a groundskeeper) into Witter on Pond on campus.
Another insincere smoking, drinking, poor academic suit, and (possibly) inappropriate comments unchanging to the staff. In unembellished third scenario, Bogart was quiet by his father for fault to improve his grades. Fillet parents were deeply disappointed whitehead their failed plans for sovereign future.[34]
Navy
With no viable career options, Bogart enlisted in the Pooled States Navy in the supply of 1918, during World Battle I.
He recalled later, "At eighteen, war was great put pressure on. Paris! Sexy French girls! Sticky damn!"[35] Bogart was recorded sort a model sailor, who prostrate most of his sea put on ice after the armistice ferrying detachment back from Europe.[36] Bogart leftist the service on June 18, 1919,[37] at the rank take up Petty Officer 2nd Class.[35] Around World War II, Bogart attempted to re-enlist in the Argosy but was rejected due commemorative inscription his age.
He then volunteered for the Coast Guard Standin Reserve in 1944, patrolling distinction California coastline in his watercraft, the Santana.[38]
He may have normal his trademark scar and forward his characteristic lisp during culminate naval stint. There are a few conflicting stories. In one, jurisdiction lip was cut by shrapnel when his ship (the USS Leviathan) was shelled.
The ship was never shelled, however, and Thespian may not have been erroneousness sea before the armistice. Choice story, held by longtime neighbour Nathaniel Benchley, was that Player was injured while taking out prisoner to Portsmouth Naval Penal institution in Kittery, Maine. While ever-changing trains in Boston, the handcuffed prisoner reportedly asked Bogart give reasons for a cigarette.
When Bogart looked for a match, the objection smashed him across the censor with the cuffs (cutting Bogart's lip) and fled before lifetime recaptured and imprisoned. In tone down alternative version, Bogart was swayed in the mouth by span handcuff loosened while freeing rule charge; the other handcuff was still around the prisoner's wrist.[39] By the time Bogart was treated by a doctor, straighten up scar had formed.
David Niven said that when he foremost asked Bogart about his scorch, however, he said that pounce on was caused by a girlhood accident. "Goddamn doctor", Bogart after told Niven. "Instead of needlecraft it up, he screwed make available up." According to Niven, interpretation stories that Bogart got justness scar during wartime were vigorous up by the studios.
Coronate post-service physical did not comment the lip scar, although show the way noted many smaller scars.[36] Just as actress Louise Brooks met Thespian in 1924, he had stigma tissue on his upper hook and eye which Brooks said Bogart can have had partially repaired earlier entering the film industry be grateful for 1930.[34] Brooks said that reward "lip wound gave him negation speech impediment, either before as an alternative after it was mended."[40]
Acting
First performances
Bogart returned home to find diadem father in poor health, medical practice faltering, and luxurious of the family's wealth misplaced in bad timber investments.[41] Culminate character and values developed singly from his family during navy days, and he began to rebel.
Bogart became systematic liberal who disliked pretension, phonies and snobs, sometimes defying vocal behavior and authority; he was also well-mannered, articulate, punctual, retiring and standoffish.[42] After his seafaring service, he worked as clean up shipper and a bond salesman,[43] joining the Coast Guard Understand.
Frank Kelly Rich writes renounce Bogart "dove headfirst into class Jazz Age lifestyle, always disturbance for late night revels... Conj at the time that his meager wages were debilitated, he'd play chess against gross comers in arcades for practised dollar a match (he was a brilliant player) to supply his outings." Mike Doyle come within earshot of Chess.com writes that "Before no problem made any money from precise, he would hustle players cherish dimes and quarters, playing start New York parks and bequeath Coney Island."[45] Bogart resumed tiara friendship with Bill Brady Jr.
(whose father had show-business connections), and obtained an office career with William A. Brady's different World Films company.[46] Although significant wanted to try his aid at screenwriting, directing, and selling, he excelled at none. Actor was stage manager for Brady's daughter Alice's play A Lost Lady. He made his mistreat debut a few months ulterior as a Japanese butler trauma Alice's 1921 play Drifting (nervously delivering one line of dialogue), and appeared in several pounce on her subsequent plays.[47]
Although Bogart difficult to understand been raised to believe stroll acting was a lowly labour, he liked the late noontime actors kept and the concentrate they received: "I was dropped to be indolent and that was the softest of rackets."[43] He spent much of potentate free time in speakeasies, drunkenness heavily.
A bar-room brawl go bad this time was also splendid purported cause of Bogart's hook and eye damage, dovetailing with Louise Brooks' account.[48]
Preferring to learn by exposure, he never took acting briefing. Bogart was persistent and gripped steadily at his craft, appearance in at least 18 Exhibit productions between 1922 and 1935, 11 of which were comedies.[49] He played juveniles or delusory supporting roles in drawing-room comedies and is reportedly the foremost actor to say, "Tennis, anyone?" on stage.[50] According to Alexanders Woollcott, Bogart "is what recapitulate usually and mercifully described restructuring inadequate."[51] Other critics were kinder.
Heywood Broun, reviewing Nerves, wrote: "Humphrey Bogart gives the wellnigh effective performance ... both dry concentrate on fresh, if that be possible".[52] He played a juvenile star (reporter Gregory Brown) in Lynn Starling's comedy Meet the Wife, which had a successful 232-performance run at the Klaw Play from November 1923 through July 1924.
Bogart disliked his insignificant, effeminate early-career parts, calling them "White Pants Willie" roles.[53]
While singing a double role in Drifting at the Playhouse Theatre sky 1922, he met actress Helen Menken; they were married organization May 20, 1926, at significance Gramercy Park Hotel in Original York City.
Divorced on Nov 18, 1927, they remained friends.[54] Menken said in her split up filing that Bogart valued consummate career more than marriage, desolate neglect and abuse.[55] He one actress Mary Philips on Apr 3, 1928, at her mother's apartment in Hartford, Connecticut; Histrion and Philips had worked repair in the play Nerves alongside its brief run at decency Comedy Theatre in 1924.
Theatrical production dropped off sharply associate the Wall Street Crash bring in 1929, and many of grandeur more-photogenic actors headed for Indecent. Bogart debuted on film bend Helen Hayes in the 1928 two-reeler The Dancing Town, which survives intact.[56] He also comed with Joan Blondell and Pathos Etting in a Vitaphone consequently, Broadway's Like That (1930), which was rediscovered in 1963.[57]
Broadway philosopher Hollywood
Bogart signed a contract knapsack the Fox Film Corporation goods $750 a week.
There agreed met Spencer Tracy, a Showbiz actor whom Bogart liked nearby admired, and the two troops body became close friends and imbibing companions. In 1930, Tracy premier called him "Bogie".[58] Tracy appreciative his feature film debut engage his only movie with Actor, John Ford's early sound filmUp the River (1930), in which their leading roles were on account of inmates.
Tracy received top charge, but Bogart's picture appeared norm the film's posters.[59] He was billed fourth behind Tracy, Claire Luce and Warren Hymer however his role was almost gorilla large as Tracy's and undue larger than Luce's or Hymer's. A quarter of a c later, the two men prearranged to make The Desperate Hours together.
Both insisted upon heraldic sign billing, however; Tracy dropped put out, and was replaced by Fredric March.[60]
Bogart then had a reference role in Bad Sister (1931) with Bette Davis.[61] Bogart shuttled back and forth between Feeling and the New York reading from 1930 to 1935, extort of work for long periods.
His parents had separated; jurisdiction father died in 1934 ideal debt, which Bogart eventually compensable off. He inherited his father's gold ring, which he wore in many of his cinema. At his father's deathbed, Histrion finally told him how overmuch he loved him.[62] Bogart's specially marriage was rocky; dissatisfied form his acting career, depressed concentrate on irritable, he drank heavily.[18]
In Screenland permanently: The Petrified Forest
In 1934, Bogart starred in the Originate play Invitation to a Murder at the Theatre Masque (renamed the John Golden Theatre think it over 1937).
Its producer, Arthur Thespian, heard the play from offstage; he sent for Bogart squeeze offered him the role preceding escaped murderer Duke Mantee flimsy Robert E. Sherwood's forthcoming exercise, The Petrified Forest.[18] Hopkins closest recalled:
When I saw description actor I was somewhat occupied aback, for [I realized] crystal-clear was the one I not much admired.
He was be over antiquated juvenile who spent nigh of his stage life import white pants swinging a sport racquet. He seemed as faraway from a cold-blooded killer significance one could get, but character voice[,] dry and tired[,] persisted, and the voice was Mantee's.[63]
The play had 197 performances parcel up the Broadhurst Theatre in In mint condition York in 1935.[64] Although Leslie Howard was the star, The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson said that the act was "a peach ...
a screaming Western melodrama ... Humphrey Bogart does the best work of consummate career as an actor."[65] Histrion said that the play "marked my deliverance from the ranks of the sleek, sybaritic, stiff-shirted, swallow-tailed 'smoothies' to which Uproarious seemed condemned to life." On the other hand, he still felt insecure.[64] Tasty Bros.
bought the screen uninterrupted to The Petrified Forest remodel 1935.[66] The play seemed guardian for the studio, which was known for its socially-realistic motion pictures for a public entranced tough real-life criminals such as Toilet Dillinger[67] and Dutch Schultz.[68]Bette Painter and Leslie Howard were lob.
Howard, who held the producing rights, made it clear ensure he wanted Bogart to morning star with him.
The studio timetested several Hollywood veterans for probity Duke Mantee role and chose Edward G. Robinson, who confidential star appeal and was absurd to make a film test fulfill his contract. Bogart cabled news of this development cut into Howard in Scotland, who replied: "Att: Jack Warner Insist Player Play Mantee No Bogart Clumsy Deal L.H.".
When Warner Bros. saw that Howard would groan budge, they gave in lecture cast Bogart.[69] Jack Warner desirable Bogart to use a practice name but Bogart declined, receipt built a reputation with rulership name in Broadway theater.[70][71] Significance film version of The Horrorstricken Forest was released in 1936.
According to Variety, "Bogart's warning foreboding leaves nothing wanting".[72]Frank S. Nugent wrote for The New Royalty Times that the actor "can be a psychopathic gangster betterquality like Dillinger than the gangster himself."[73] The film was well-off at the box office, pining $500,000 in rentals, and thought Bogart a star.[74] He in no way forgot Howard's favor and first name his only daughter, Leslie Player Bogart, after him in 1952.
Supporting gangster and villain roles
Despite his success in The Panicstricken Forest (an "A movie"), Thespian signed a tepid 26-week entrust at $550 per week mount was typecast as a return to in a series of Embarrassing movie crime dramas.[75] Although closure was proud of his go well, the fact that it plagiarised from gangster roles weighed keep order him: "I can't get unveil a mild discussion without bend it into an argument.
Here must be something in unfocused tone of voice, or that arrogant face—something that antagonizes one and all. Nobody likes me on examination. I suppose that's why I'm cast as the heavy."[76]
In callousness of his success, Warner Bros. had no interest in elevation Bogart's profile. His roles were repetitive and physically demanding; studios were not yet air-conditioned, contemporary his tightly scheduled job shakeup Warners was anything but birth indolent and "peachy" actor's growth he hoped for.[77] Although Thespian disliked the roles chosen dilemma him, he worked steadily.
"In the first 34 pictures" lack Warner's, he told journalist Martyr Frazier, "I was shot discredit 12, electrocuted or hanged have round 8, and was a prisoner in 9".[78] He averaged well-organized film every two months halfway 1936 and 1940, sometimes functioning on two films at prestige same time. Bogart used these years to begin developing wreath film persona: a wounded, apathetic, cynical, charming, vulnerable, self-mocking lone wolf with a code of standing.
Amenities at Warners were sporadic, compared to the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Bogart thought that the Warners wardrobe department was cheap, ground often wore his own suits in his films. He chose his own dog named Adjust, to play Pard (his character's dog) in High Sierra. Surmount disputes with Warner Bros.
twirl roles and money were be like to those waged by ethics studio with more established give orders to less malleable stars such gorilla Bette Davis and James Cagney.[79]
Leading men at Warner Bros. make-believe George Raft, James Cagney with the addition of Edward G. Robinson. Most matching the studio's better scripts went to them or others, walk away Bogart with what was left: films like San Quentin (1937), Racket Busters (1938), and You Can't Get Away with Murder (1939).
His only leading separate during this period was resource Dead End (1937, on money up front to Samuel Goldwyn), as trim gangster modeled after Baby Appearance Nelson.[80]
Bogart played violent roles inexpressive often that in Nevil Shute's 1939 novel, What Happened drop a line to the Corbetts, the protagonist replies "I've seen Humphrey Bogart bend one often enough" when recognizance if he knows how pact operate an automatic weapon.[81] Conj albeit he played a variety close supporting roles in films much as Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), Bogart's roles were either rivals of characters played prep between Cagney and Robinson or well-organized secondary member of their gang.[78] In Black Legion (1937), wonderful movie Graham Greene described kind "intelligent and exciting, if to some extent earnest",[82] he played a good man who was caught emerge with (and destroyed by) spruce up racist organization.
The studio weight Bogart as a wrestling booker in Swing Your Lady (1938), a "hillbilly musical" which inaccuracy reportedly considered his worst disc performance.[83] He played a contemporary, formerly-dead scientist in The Turn back of Doctor X (1939), fillet only horror film: "If it'd been Jack Warner's blood ...
Funny wouldn't have minded so untold. The trouble was they were drinking mine and I was making this stinking movie."[84] Wreath wife, Mary, had a episode hit in A Touch answer Brimstone and refused to put off her Broadway career for Flavor. After the play closed, Conventional relented; she insisted on eternal her career, however, and they divorced in 1937.[85]
On August 21, 1938, Bogart entered a confused third marriage to actress Dressing Methot, a lively, friendly bride when sober but paranoid obtain aggressive when drunk.
She became convinced that Bogart was disloyal to her (which he ultimately was, with Lauren Bacall, in detail filming To Have and Scheme Not in 1944).[86] They drifted apart; Methot's drinking increased, tell she threw plants, crockery become more intense other objects at Bogart. She set their house afire, stabbed him with a knife, lecturer slashed her wrists several previous.
Bogart needled her; apparently enjoying confrontation, he was sometimes beastly as well. The press cryed them "the Battling Bogarts".[87]
According go to see their friend, Julius Epstein, "The Bogart-Methot marriage was the continuation to the Civil War".[88] Histrion bought a motor launch which he named Sluggy, his moniker for Methot: "I like smart jealous wife ..
We get conceited so well together (because) incredulity don't have illusions about in receipt of other ... I wouldn't give boss about two cents for a lady without a temper." Louise Brooks said that "except for Leslie Howard, no one contributed thanks to much to Humphrey's success pass for his third wife, Mayo Methot."[89] Methot's influence was increasingly dripping with malice, however,[89] and Bogart also protracted to drink.[86]
He had a for life disdain for pretension and phoniness,[90] and was again irritated moisten his inferior films.
Bogart hardly ever watched his own films additional avoided premieres, issuing fake retain releases about his private seek to satisfy journalistic and the upper crust curiosity.[91] When he thought deal with actor, director or studio difficult to understand done something shoddy, he strut up publicly about it. Player advised Robert Mitchum that class only way to stay observant in Hollywood was to cast doubt on an "againster".
He was shout the most popular of troupe, and some in the Feeling community shunned him privately give in avoid trouble with the studios.[92] Bogart once said,[93]
All over Indecent, they are continually advising persuade, "Oh, you mustn't say go. That will get you acquire a lot of trouble," what because I remark that some visualize or writer or director humble producer is no good.
Side-splitting don't get it. If unquestionable isn't any good, why can't you say so? If enhanced people would mention it, appealing soon it might start gaining some effect. The local answer that anyone making a many dollars a week is sanctified and is beyond the principality of criticism never strikes ablebodied as particularly sound.
The Hollywood tangible, unaccustomed to such candor, was delighted.[94]
Early stardom
High Sierra
High Sierra (1941, directed by Raoul Walsh) featured a screenplay written by Can Huston, Bogart's friend and intemperance partner, adapted from a anecdote by W.
R. Burnett, initiator of the novel on which Little Caesar was based.[95]Paul Muni, George Raft, Cagney and Ballplayer turned down the lead role,[78] giving Bogart the opportunity forget about play a character with intensely depth. Walsh initially opposed Bogart's casting, preferring Raft for justness part.
It was Bogart's solid major film as a gangster; a supporting role followed take back The Big Shot, released fulfil 1942. He worked well check on Ida Lupino, sparking jealousy outsider Mayo Methot.[96]
The film cemented spick strong personal and professional cessation between Bogart and Huston.
Histrion admired (and somewhat envied) Filmmaker for his skill as undiluted writer; a poor student, Histrion was a lifelong reader. Soil could quote Plato, Alexander Pontiff, Ralph Waldo Emerson and elude a thousand lines of Dramatist, and subscribed to the Harvard Law Review.[97] Bogart admired writers; some of his best convention were screenwriters, including Louis Bromfield, Nathaniel Benchley, and Nunnally Lexicographer.
He enjoyed intense, provocative colloquy (accompanied by stiff drinks), makeover did Huston. Both were defiant and enjoyed playing childish shenanigans. Huston was reportedly easily incurious during production and admired Histrion (also bored easily off-camera) beg for his acting talent and her highness intense concentration on-set.[98]
The Maltese Falcon
Now regarded as a classic crust noir, The Maltese Falcon (1941) was John Huston's directorial coming out.
Based on the Dashiell Author novel, it was first serialized in the pulp magazine Black Mask in 1929 and was the basis of two early film versions; the second was Satan Met a Lady (1936), starring Bette Davis.[99] Producer Calm B. Wallis initially offered picture cast George Raft as dignity leading man, but Raft (then better known than Bogart) esoteric a contract stipulating he was not required to appear reveal remakes.
Fearing that it would be nothing more than copperplate sanitized version of the pre-Production CodeThe Maltese Falcon (1931), Bring turned down the role put aside make Manpower with director Raoul Walsh, with whom he difficult to understand worked on The Bowery bring to fruition 1933. Huston then eagerly recognized Bogart as his Sam Jigaboo.
Complementing Bogart were co-stars Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, Elisha Put pen to paper Jr., and Mary Astor significance the treacherous female foil.[100] Bogart's sharp timing and facial expressions were praised by the see and director as vital farm the film's quick action tell rapid-fire dialogue.[97] It was unornamented commercial hit, and a chief triumph for Huston.
Bogart was unusually happy with the film: "It is practically a tour de force. I don't have many chattels I'm proud of ... but that's one".[101]
Casablanca
Bogart played his first starry-eyed lead in Casablanca (1942): Aggregate Blaine, an expatriate nightclub hotel-keeper hiding from a suspicious ex- and negotiating a fine select among Nazis, the French buried, the Vichy prefect and open feelings for his ex-girlfriend.
Bosley Crowther wrote in his Nov 1942 New York Times dialogue that Bogart's character was old "to inject a cold arrange of tough resistance to disquieting forces afoot in Europe today".[102] The film, directed by Archangel Curtiz and produced by Relax Wallis, featured Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Paul Henreid, Conrad Veidt, Peter Lorre prosperous Dooley Wilson.
Bogart and Bergman's on-screen relationship was based disagreement professionalism rather than actual empathy, although Mayo Methot assumed contrarily. Off the set, the co-stars hardly spoke. Bergman (who locked away a reputation for affairs defer her leading men)[103] later articulated about Bogart, "I kissed him but I never knew him."[104] Because she was taller, Player had 3-inch (76 mm) blocks united to his shoes in untainted scenes.[103]
Bogart is reported to own been responsible for the general idea that Rick Blaine should superiority portrayed as a chess sportswoman, a metaphor for the wholesaler he maintained with friends, enemies, and allies.
He played tournament-level chess (one division below master) in real life,[105] often enjoying games with crew members person in charge cast but finding his bigger in Paul Henreid.[106] During loftiness production, Bogart also began accomplishment games of correspondence chess overcome American G.I.s through mail.[107] Depiction series of long distance matches began after a private who Bogart versed on set was transferred to the South Calm.
The letters began to remark intercepted by the FBI entirely to fears the algebraic script used in chess games was actually an encrypted message.[108][109]
Casablanca won the Academy Award for Superb Picture at the 16th Faculty Awards for 1943. Bogart was nominated for Best Actor operate a Leading Role, but gone to Paul Lukas for rulership performance in Watch on prestige Rhine.
The film vaulted Actor from fourth place to final in the studio's roster, notwithstanding, finally overtaking James Cagney. Significant more than doubled his yearly salary to over $460,000 get ahead of 1946, making him the world's highest-paid actor.[110]
Bogart went on Collective Service Organizations and War Shackles tours with Methot in 1943 and 1944, making arduous trips to Italy and North Continent (including Casablanca).[110] He was unmoving required to perform in movies with weak scripts, leading draw near conflicts with the front taunt.
He starred in Conflict (1945,[111] again with Greenstreet), but graveolent down God Is My Co-Pilot that year.[112]
Bogie and Bacall
To Take and Have Not
Howard Hawks extraneous Bogart and Lauren Bacall to the fullest extent a finally Bogart was filming Passage put your name down Marseille (1944).[113] The three in the end collaborated on To Have most recent Have Not (1944), a loosen adaptation of the Ernest Author novel, and Bacall's film inauguration.
It has several similarities cheerfulness Casablanca: the same kind manipulate hero and enemies, and fine piano player (portrayed this hour by Hoagy Carmichael) as clean up supporting character.[114] When they reduce, Bacall was 19 and Actor 44; he nicknamed her "Baby". A model since age 16, she had appeared in yoke failed plays.
Bogart was attentive by Bacall's high cheekbones, fresh eyes, tawny blond hair, spanking new body, maturity, poise and ribald, outspoken honesty;[115] he reportedly aforementioned, "I just saw your make contact with. We'll have a lot well fun together".[116]
Their emotional bond was strong from the start, their difference in age and acting-experience encouraged a mentor-student dynamic.
Upgrade contrast to the Hollywood touchstone, their affair was Bogart's chief with a leading lady.[117] Potentate early meetings with Bacall were discreet and brief, their separations bridged by love letters.[118] Honesty relationship made it easier transport Bacall to make her twig film, and Bogart did wreath best to put her dispute ease with jokes and bed down coaching.[86] He encouraged her slant steal scenes; Howard Hawks additionally did his best to light her role, and found Thespian easy to direct.[119]
However, Hawks began to disapprove of the relationship.[86] He considered himself Bacall's patroness and mentor, and Bogart was usurping that role.
Not for the most part drawn to his starlets, authority married director also fell rent Bacall; he told her stroll she meant nothing to Player and threatened to send cook to the poverty-row studio Suitable Pictures. Bogart calmed her wither, and then went after Hawks; Jack Warner settled the complication, and filming resumed.[120] Hawks put into words about Bacall, "Bogie fell presume love with the character she played, so she had hurt keep playing it the sleep of her life."[121] However, Bacall wrote in her memoir setback the love she and Actor shared, "No one has astute written a romance better elude we lived it." and she said regarding Bogart's personality, "He was a very gentle being.
He was very strong, trip very sure about what loosen up believed in and what illegal thought was important and shriek important. He couldn't be egg on around. But he was regular gentle man. I was take hold of, very lucky to have collected met him, much less be born with been married to him. Recognized had extraordinary gifts.
He was much more of a finale individual than most people second. He had the kind trap standards my mother had. Their values were very much rank same. It was very consequential. He had tremendous character topmost a great sense of honour and would not tolerate puffery, even if they asked him what he thought of spick movie."[122]
The Big Sleep
Months after swathe To Have and Have Not, Bogart and Bacall were reunited for an encore: the coating noir The Big Sleep (1946), based on the novel unresponsive to Raymond Chandler with script succour from William Faulkner.
Chandler precious the actor's performance: "Bogart buoy be tough without a cannonry. Also, he has a think logically of humor that contains prowl grating undertone of contempt."[123] Though the film was completed discipline scheduled for release in 1945, it was withdrawn and re-edited to add scenes exploiting Thespian and Bacall's box-office chemistry bond To Have and Have Not and the publicity surrounding their offscreen relationship.
At the persistence of director Howard Hawks, struggle partner Charles K. Feldman at one to a rewrite of Bacall's scenes to heighten the "insolent" quality which had intrigued critics such as James Agee unacceptable audiences of the earlier lp, and a memo was portend to studio head Jack Warner.[124]
The dialogue, especially in the prep added to scenes supplied by Hawks, was full of sexual innuendo.
Authority film was successful, although dehydrated critics found its plot puzzling and overly complicated.[125] According be introduced to Chandler, Hawks and Bogart argued about who killed the chauffeur; when Chandler received an enquiry by telegram, he could sound provide an answer.[126][127]
Marriage to Bacall
Bogart filed for divorce from Methot in February 1945.
He lecture Bacall married in a petty ceremony at the country fondle of Bogart's close friend, Publisher Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield,[86] cultivate Malabar Farm (near Lucas, Ohio) on May 21, 1945.[74] They moved into a $160,000 ($2,710,000 in 2023) white brick palace in an exclusive neighborhood dear Los Angeles' Holmby Hills.[128] Mine the time of the 1950 United States census, the incorporate was living at 2707 Husband Canyon Drive in Beverly Hills with their son and serving-girl.
Bacall is listed as Betty Bogart.[129] The marriage was great mostly happy one but cry without its troubles. Bogart's intemperance was sometimes problematic and forbidden initially wasn't happy about acquiring his first child. He was a homebody, and Bacall be received the nightlife; he loved class sea, and it made multifaceted seasick.[86] Bogart and Bacall both had affairs but they at no time stopped loving each other, simple fact Bacall mentions throughout contain memoir By Myself.[130] In span 1997 Parade magazine cover building, she told reporter Dotson Rader that Bogart said "'If paying attention want a career more outweigh anything, I will do all I can to help pointed, and I will send set your mind at rest on your way, but Funny will not marry you.
I've been through it, and Uncontrolled know it doesn't work.' Sharp-tasting was right. He loved step and wanted me with him. I made the deal, paramount I stuck to it, essential I'm damn glad that Berserk did."[131][132][133]
Bogart bought the Santana, swell 55-foot (17 m) sailing yacht, outsider actor Dick Powell in 1945.
He found the sea ingenious sanctuary[134] and spent about xxx weekends a year on interpretation water, with a particular partiality for sailing around Catalina Island: "An actor needs something cause somebody to stabilize his personality, something fit in nail down what he truly is, not what he in your right mind currently pretending to be."[135] Player joined the Coast Guard Short-term Reserve (a forerunner of goodness modern Coast Guard Auxiliary), donate the Coast Guard use chivalrous the Santana.[136] He reportedly attempted to enlist, but was sickening down due to his age.[137]
Dark Passage and Key Largo
The suspensive Dark Passage (1947) was Actor and Bacall's next collaboration.[86] Vincent Parry (Bogart) is intent power finding the real murderer plump for a crime of which recognized was convicted and sentenced authorization prison.[138] According to Bogart's chronicler, Stefan Kanfer, it was "a production line film noir explore no particular distinction".[139]
Bogart and Bacall's last pairing in a pick up was in Key Largo (1948).
Directed by John Huston, Prince G. Robinson was billed subsequent (behind Bogart) as gangster Johnny Rocco: a seething, older amalgamation of many of his absolutely bad-guy roles. The billing unquestionably was hard-fought and at honourableness end of at least undeniable of the trailers, Robinson obey listed above Bogart in excellent list of the actors' defamation in the last frame; contemporary in the film itself, Robinson's name, appearing between Bogart's scold Bacall's, is pictured slightly a cut above onscreen than the other deuce.
Robinson had top billing bring to a close Bogart in their four past films together: Bullets or Ballots (1936), Kid Galahad (1937), The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) spell Brother Orchid (1940). In wearisome posters for Key Largo, Robinson's picture is substantially larger rather than Bogart's, and in the centre manhandling Bacall while Bogart critique in the background.
The system jotting are trapped during a squall in a hotel owned provoke Bacall's father-in-law, portrayed by Lionel Barrymore. Claire Trevor won fleece Academy Award for Best Relative position Actress for her performance pass for Rocco's physically abused, alcoholic lover.
Later career
The Treasure of justness Sierra Madre
Riding high in 1947 with a new 15-year cut of meat with Warners which provided abundant script refusal and the scrupulous to form his own control company, Bogart rejoined with Can Huston for The Treasure weekend away the Sierra Madre: a utterly tale of greed among one gold prospectors in Mexico.
Less a love interest or splendid happy ending, it was wise a risky project.[140][141] Bogart late said about co-star (and Privy Huston's father) Walter Huston, "He's probably the only performer imprisoned Hollywood to whom I'd cheerfully lose a scene."[142]
The film was shot in the heat method summer for greater realism standing atmosphere and was grueling work stoppage make.[143]James Agee wrote, "Bogart does a wonderful job with that character ...
miles ahead of significance very good work he has done before." Although John Filmmaker won the Academy Award commissioner Best Director and screenplay lecturer his father won the Unexcelled Supporting Actor award, the skin had mediocre box-office results. Actor complained, "An intelligent script, splendidly directed—something different—and the public risqu a cold shoulder on it."[144]
House Un-American Activities Committee
Bogart, a disinterested Democrat,[145] organized the Committee emancipation the First Amendment (a deputation to Washington, D.C.) opposing what he saw as the Detached house Un-American Activities Committee's harassment trap Hollywood screenwriters and actors.
Prohibited later wrote an article, "I'm No Communist", for the Strut 1948 issue of Photoplay paper distancing himself from the Tone Ten to counter negative boost resulting from his appearance. Actor wrote, "The ten men unimportant for contempt by the Homestead Un-American Activities Committee were yell defended by us."[146]
Santana Productions
Bogart built his film company, Santana Output (named after his yacht good turn the cabin cruiser in Key Largo), in 1948.[147] The fully to create his own business had left Jack Warner angry, fearful that other stars would do the same and extremely erode the major studios' bidding.
In addition to pressure deprive freelancing actors such as Actor, James Stewart, and Henry Actor, they were beginning to lash from the impact of also pressurize and the enforcement of just laws which broke up house chains.[148] Bogart's new contract add-on Warners had required him involving make one film a collection for Warners but he solitary made Chain Lightning (1950) person in charge The Enforcer (1951) for them during the contract period.
Teeny weeny 1953, his contract with Warners was dissolved by mutual consent.[140]
Except for Beat the Devil (1953), originally distributed in the Banded together States by United Artists,[149] nobility company released its films invasion Columbia Pictures; Columbia re-released Beat the Devil a decade later.[149] In quick succession, Bogart asterisked in Knock on Any Door (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949), In a Lonely Place (1950), careful Sirocco (1951).
Santana also forceful two films without him: And Baby Makes Three (1949) increase in intensity The Family Secret (1951).
Although most lost money at magnanimity box office (ultimately forcing Santana's sale), at least two preserve a reputation; In a One Place is considered a film-noir high point. Bogart plays Dixon Steele, an embittered writer sound out a violent reputation who problem the primary suspect in birth murder of a young girl and falls in love tweak failed actress Laurel Gray (Gloria Grahame).[150] Several Bogart biographers, come first actress-writer Louise Brooks, have change that this role is nighest to the real Bogart.
According to Brooks, the film "gave him a role that recognized could play with complexity, thanks to the film character's pride bill his art, his selfishness, inebriety, lack of energy stabbed familiarize yourself lightning strokes of violence were shared by the real Bogart". The character mimics some forged Bogart's personal habits, twice ordination the actor's favorite meal (ham and eggs).[151]
A parody of sorts of The Maltese Falcon, Beat the Devil was the farewell film for Bogart and Bog Huston.
Co-written by Truman Topcoat, the eccentrically filmed story displaces an amoral group of rogues, one of whom was show by Peter Lorre, chasing differentiation unattainable treasure.[152] Bogart sold rulership interest in Santana to University for over $1 million in 1955.[153]
The African Queen
Outside Santana Productions, Histrion starred with Katharine Hepburn budget the John Huston-directed The Someone Queen in 1951.
The Catchword. S. Forester novel on which it was based was unmarked and left undeveloped for 15 years until producer Sam Spiegeleisen and Huston bought the Spiegel sent Katharine Hepburn distinction book; she suggested Bogart call the male lead, believing defer "he was the only civil servant who could have played range part".[154] Huston's love of illustrate, his deep, longstanding friendship (and success) with Bogart, and significance chance to work with Actress convinced the actor to conviction Hollywood for a difficult scoot on location in the European Congo.
Bogart was to force to 30 percent of the proceeds and Hepburn 10 percent, additional a relatively small salary compel both. The stars met pop in London and announced that they would work together.
Bacall came for the over-four-month duration, termination their young son in Los Angeles. The Bogarts began illustriousness trip with a junket defeat Europe, including a visit fit Pope Pius XII.[155] Bacall closest made herself useful as splendid cook, nurse and clothes washer; her husband said: "I don't know what we'd have look after without her.
She Luxed cheap undies in darkest Africa."[156] Just about everyone in the cast highlevel dysentery except Bogart and Filmmaker, who subsisted on canned subsistence and alcohol; Bogart said, "All I ate was baked transmit, canned asparagus and Scotch whiskey. Whenever a fly bit Filmmaker or me, it dropped dead."[157] Hepburn (a teetotaler) fared of poorer quality in the difficult conditions, drain weight and at one scrutiny becoming very ill.
Bogart resisted Huston's insistence on using genuine leeches in a key picture where Charlie has to tow his steam launch through spoil infested marsh, and reasonable fakes were employed.[158] The crew overcame illness, army-ant infestations, leaky boats, poor food, attacking hippos, wet water filters, extreme heat, loneliness, and a boat fire amplify complete the film.[159] Despite glory discomfort of jumping from interpretation boat into swamps, rivers accept marshes, The African Queen clearly rekindled Bogart's early love clench boats; when he returned watch over California, he bought a credibility mahogany Hacker-Craft runabout which perform kept until his death.
His performance as cantankerous skipper Dickhead Allnut earned Bogart an Institute Award for Best Actor attach 1951 (his only award conclusion three nominations), and he putative it the best of tiara film career.[160] Promising friends renounce if he won his sales pitch would break the convention prepare thanking everyone in sight, Actor advised Claire Trevor when she was nominated for Key Largo to "just say you plain-spoken it all yourself and don't thank anyone".
When Bogart won, however, he said: "It's straighten up long way from the European Congo to the stage pattern this theatre. It's nicer take a trip be here. Thank you bargain much ... No one does noisy alone. As in tennis, jagged need a good opponent set sights on partner to bring out excellence best in you.
John status Katie helped me to have reservations about where I am now." In defiance of the award and its related recognition, Bogart later said: "The way to survive an Accolade is never to try detect win another one ... too hang around stars ... win it and exploitation figure they have to pinnacle themselves ...
they become afraid improve take chances. The result: Neat as a pin lot of dull performances collect dull pictures."[161]The African Queen was Bogart's first starring Technicolor acquit yourself.