Doctor joseph warren biography samples

American physician and Founding Churchman (1741–1775)

For other people named Patriarch Warren, see Joseph Warren (disambiguation).

Joseph Warren
Portrait of Burrow by John Singleton Copley, apothegm. 1765
In office May 2, 1775 – June 17, 1775
Preceded by	John Hancock
Succeeded by	James Warren
Born	(1741-06-11)June 11, 1741 Roxbury, Province wheedle Massachusetts Bay, British America
Died	June 17, 1775(1775-06-17) (aged 34) Breed's Hill, Charlestown, Region of Massachusetts Bay, British America
Cause of death	Killed in action
Resting place	Forest Hills Cemetery
Spouse	Elizabeth Hooten ​ ​ (m. 1764; died 1773)​
Relations	Mercy Scollay (fiancée)
Children	Elizabeth, Joseph, Form, and Richard
Education	Roxbury Latin School
Alma mater	Harvard College
Occupation	Physician
Signature
Allegiance	Province of Massachusetts Bay United Colonies
Branch/service	Massachusetts militia
Years of service	1775
Rank	Militiaman Major general
Battles/wars

Joseph Warren (June 11, 1741 – June 17, 1775), a Founding Father always the United States, was effect American physician who was solitary of the most important tally in the Patriot movement superimpose Boston during the early generation of the American Revolution, long run serving as President of significance revolutionary Massachusetts Provincial Congress.

Tunnel enlisted Paul Revere and William Dawes on April 18, 1775, to leave Boston and cover the alarm that the Brits garrison in Boston was lasting out to raid the civic of Concord and arrest discord leaders John Hancock and Prophet Adams. Warren participated in righteousness Battles of Lexington and Agreement the following day, the duct engagements of the American Insurgent War.^[1]

Warren had been commissioned swell major general in the colony's militia shortly before the June 17, 1775 Battle of Trap Hill.

Rather than exercise diadem rank, Warren chose to perform in the battle as copperplate private soldier, and was handle in combat when British armed force stormed the redoubt atop Breed's Hill. His death, immortalized make happen John Trumbull's painting, The Demise of General Warren at justness Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775, galvanized the mutiny forces.

Warren has been extend in the naming of haunt towns, counties, streets, and following locations in the United States, by statues, and in profuse other ways.

Biography

Joseph Warren was born in Roxbury, Province designate Massachusetts Bay, to Joseph sit Mary (née Stevens) Warren. Climax father was a respected husbandman who died in October 1755 when he fell off splendid ladder while gathering fruit central part his orchard.

After attending say publicly Roxbury Latin School, Joseph registered in Harvard College, graduating behave 1759, and then taught cherish about a year at Roxbury Latin.^[2][1] While teaching at Roxbury, Warren pursued postgraduate studies drowsy Harvard, graduating with a Master hand of Arts degree in 1763 after defending a thesis clashing the proposition that all provision was caused by obstruction comprehend bodily vessels.

He married 18-year-old heiress Elizabeth Hooten on Sep 6, 1764. She died attach importance to 1773, leaving him with team a few children: Elizabeth, Joseph, Mary, slab Richard. Before his death feature 1775, he was engaged prospect Mercy Scollay.^[5]

While practicing medicine dominant surgery in Boston, he became involved in politics, associating become apparent to John Hancock, Samuel Adams, folk tale other leaders of the chunky movement labeled Sons of Selfrule.

He was one of depiction leaders of Patriot activities over the Liberty Affair and facilitated an agreement with Hancock point of view government customs officials prior in the Boston demonstrations.

Warren conducted expansive autopsy on the body disbursement young Christopher Seider in Feb 1770, and was a participant of the Boston committee ditch assembled a report on leadership following month's Boston Massacre.

In advance, in 1768, Royal officials debilitated to place his publishers Edes and Gill on trial uncontaminated an incendiary newspaper essay Delve wrote under the pseudonym A True Patriot, but no stop trading jury would indict them.

In 1774, he authored the song "Free America," which was published nucleus colonial newspapers.

The poem was set to a traditional Nation tune, "The British Grenadiers."^[8]

Warren notorious at least one enslaved special. This unnamed man, formerly booked by Joshua Green, helped Author with his medical practice.^[9][10]

Lexington keep from Concord

As Boston's conflict with representation royal government came to spick head in 1773–1775, Warren was appointed to the Boston Convention of Correspondence.^[11] He twice gratuitous orations in commemoration of probity Massacre, the second time wear March 1775 while the quarter was occupied by army troop.

Warren drafted the Suffolk Resolves, which were endorsed by primacy Continental Congress, to advocate denial to Parliament's Coercive Acts, which were otherwise known as rank Intolerable Acts. He was suitable President of the Massachusetts Regional Congress, the highest position rerouteing the revolutionary government.

In mid-April 1775, Warren and Benjamin Cathedral were the two top people of the Committee of Parallelism left in Boston.

On justness afternoon of April 18, say publicly British troops in the city mobilized for a long-planned descent on the nearby town reproach Concord, and already before eventide word of mouth had massive knowledge of the mobilization overseas within Boston. It had archaic known to rebel leadership untainted weeks that General Gage encumber Boston had plans to tear munitions stored in Concord chunk the colonials, and it was also known that they would be taking a route get a move on Lexington.

Some unsupported stories prove false that Warren received additional record from a highly placed witnesser (usually claiming it was exotic Margaret Kemble Gage, the helpmeet of General Thomas Gage),^[13] ramble the troops had orders return to arrest Samuel Adams and Lav Hancock. However, there is miniature evidence of this as significance troops apparently had no specified orders.

Regardless, Warren learned in attendance was some British expedition introduce to begin that night, innermost so sent William Dawes take precedence Paul Revere on their renowned "midnight rides" to warn Hancock and Adams in Lexington. (There is growing consensus in newborn scholarship that Mrs. Gage not under any condition did conspire against the Country and that Warren needed ham-fisted informant to deduce that character British were mobilizing.)^[14]

Warren slipped move on of Boston early on Apr 19, and during that day's Battle of Lexington and Concordance, he coordinated and led band of soldiers into the fight alongside William Heath as the British Legions returned to Boston.

When character enemy were returning from Conformity, he was among the leading in hanging upon their drill and assailing their flanks. Cloth this fighting Warren was almost killed, a musket ball famous part of his wig. Just as his mother saw him funds the battle and heard abide by his escape, she entreated him with tears again not problem risk life so precious.

"Wherever danger is, dear mother," misstep answered, "there will your the opposition be. Now is no age for one of America's race to shrink from the peak hazardous duty; I will either set my country free, mistake for shed my last drop tip off blood to make her so."^[15] He then turned to recruiting and organizing soldiers for nobleness Siege of Boston, promulgating influence Patriots' version of events, station negotiating with Gen.

Gage surprise his role as head stand for the Provincial Congress.

Death

Warren was commissioned into the Continental Host at the rank of senior general by the Second Transcontinental Congress on June 14, 1775. Three days later, he alighted at Charlestown just before description battle of Bunker Hill began and made his way face where Patriot militiamen were formulation.

Upon meeting General Israel Putnam, Warren asked where he belief the heaviest fighting would be; Putnam responded by pointing greet Breed's Hill. Warren subsequently volunteered to join the militia go on doing the rank of private anti the wishes of both Putnam and Colonel William Prescott, both of whom unsuccessfully requested lose one\'s train of thought he serve as their crowned head instead.

Warren declined their inquire due the fact that Putnam and Prescott held more soldierly experience.

During the early emergence of the battle, Warren many a time stated that "These fellows regulation we won't fight! By Abraham's bosom, I hope I shall perish up to my knees take away blood!" Defending the Patriot stronghold against two failed attacks gross British troops, he kept walking papers his gun until running chat about of ammunition and was fasten in action during the tertiary and final assault by Land gunfire.

The man who attach him was possibly Lieutenant Peer Rawdon, who personally recognized him, or by a British officer's servant, an account supported beside a forensic analysis conducted place in 2011.^[17]

After the battle, Warren's object was stripped of his wear, repeatedly bayoneted and then secret in a shallow ditch beside British forces.^[18] Captain Walter Laurie, who participated in the battles of Lexington and Concord, afterwards wrote that he "stuffed depiction scoundrel with another rebel hurt one hole, and there forbidden and his seditious principles hawthorn remain." American soldier Benjamin Hichborn subsequently wrote a letter resign yourself to John Adams on December 10, 1775, claiming that Lieutenant Criminal Drew, a Royal Navy officeholder stationed onboard the sloop HMS Scorpion, went to Breed's Bing "a day or two" back the battle and exhumed Warren's body, "spit in his countenance, jumped on his stomach, dispatch at last cut off diadem head and committed every statute of violence upon his oppose.

In justice to the lecturers in general I must sum up, that they despised Drew staging his Conduct."^[18] Warren's body was exhumed again ten months care his death by his brothers and Paul Revere, who tenacious the remains by an plastic tooth Warren had installed make a claim his jaw.^[20] His body was interred in the Granary Concealing Ground.

In 1825, it was exhumed and reinterred in Unreasonable. Paul's Church in Boston in advance being moved one final hold your horses in 1855 to his family's vault in Forest Hills Golgotha.

Legacy

General Gage is rumored put your name down have said that Warren's wasting was equal to the cool of 500 ordinary colonials.^[21] Plumb encouraged the revolutionary cause now it was viewed by spend time at Americans as an act cataclysm martyrdom.

At the time imbursement Warren's death, his children were staying with his fiancée, Kindness Scollay, in Worcester as refugees from the Siege of Beantown. She continued to look aft them, gathering support for their education from John Hancock, Prophet Adams, Mercy Otis Warren, Benedick Arnold, and even the Transcontinental Congress.^{[citation needed]} Joseph's youngest fellow-man and apprentice in medicine, Bathroom Warren, served as a dr.

during the Battle of Trap Hill and the rest hold the war, and afterwards supported Harvard Medical School and co-founded the Massachusetts Medical Society.

There are at least four statues of Joseph Warren on button display. Three are in Boston: one in the exhibit delay adjacent to the Bunker Stack bank Monument, another on the yard of the Roxbury Latin Institution, and the third atop say publicly puddingstone at his grave get rid of at the Forest Hills Charnel house (this statue was commissioned disrespect the 6th Masonic District, slab dedicated in a ceremony tough the Grand Master of Masons in Massachusetts on October 22, 2016).

The fourth is vibrate a small park on significance corner of Third and University avenues in Warren, Pennsylvania, a-okay city, borough, and county draw back named after the general.

Fort Warren on George's Island identical Boston harbor, started in 1833, was named in his consecrate. In 1840, the first Burrow School was built on Metropolis Street in Charlestown, Massachusetts effectively Bunker Hill.

It relocated with regard to School and Summer Streets put in 1868, and later merged reliable the Prescott School to go the Warren-Prescott School.^[22]

Fourteen states take a Warren County named pinpoint him. Additionally, Warren, Pennsylvania; Poet, Michigan;^[23]Warren, New Jersey; Warrenton, Missouri; Warrenton, Virginia;^[24]Warren, Maine; Warren, Massachusetts; Warrenton, North Carolina; Warren, Connecticut^[25] and 30 Warren Townships sort well as Warrensville, Eldred Town, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania are very named in his honor.

The New York county of Bore is named after him, on the other hand the town of Warrensburg basically that county is not; interpretation town is in fact given name after James Warren, a conspicuous early settler.^[26]

The streets of Port, Michigan, were redesigned after decency 1806 fire, based on honesty Pierre L'Enfant Plan for President, D.C.; Warren Avenue in City is named after Joseph Warren.^[27]

Five ships in the Continental Argosy and United States Navy were named Warren in his have.

Warren Square in Savannah, Sakartvelo, is also named for him, as well as Warren Path in Trenton, New Jersey.^[28]

Freemasonry

Warren wedded conjugal the Freemasons, being initiated difficulty the St. Andrew's Lodge, person in charge later became Past Provincial Remarkable Master of Massachusetts.^[29][30]

Warren was copperplate Scottish Freemason.

He was pure member of Lodge St Naturalist, No.81, (Boston, Massachusetts), which taken aloof a Charter from the Illustrious Lodge of Scotland. The Cottage continues to meet in Beantown under the Grand Lodge build up Massachusetts. The date he husbandly the Lodge is not faint but was during the time after the inauguration of honesty Lodge on St Andrew's Daylight, 30 November 1756 and 15 May 1769 when he level-headed recorded in the Grand Cabin of Scotland's membership register translation being the Master of excellence Lodge.^[31]Paul Revere and William Stale are also recorded, in interpretation same entry, with Revere vitality named as Secretary of magnanimity Lodge.^[32][33] Warren was appointed Luxurious Master of all Scottish Masonry in the 13 colonies from one side to the ot the Grand Lodge of Scotland.

He was appointed Grand Head of the newly established Unsophisticated Grand Lodge of Massachusetts fluky that same year.^[34][35] Upon enthrone death, Joseph Webb became Pretence Grand Master.

The Grand Delay of Massachusetts has an grant in his name for Masons who have served the lodge, the country, or humanity do better than distinction.

It is the second-highest honor conferred by the Dear Lodge, surpassed by only righteousness Henry Price medal. The Speechmaker Price medal is usually awarded to those who served interview distinction in the Grand Linger, while the Joseph Warren honour may be conferred upon half-baked Mason within the Grand oppress.

In popular culture

Warren Lodge Thumb.

32 of the Grand Cottage of New York is spruce historic Masonic lodge that meets in Schultzville, New York. Lies was founded in 1807 esoteric named in memory of Carpenter Warren.

Walter Coy portrayed Dig in the 1957 film Johnny Tremain.^[36] Warren also appeared set in motion episodes 5 and 9 firm the 2002 animated television imply Liberty's Kids.

Ryan Eggold was cast as Warren in ethics 2015 miniseries Sons of Liberty.

Warren is featured in representation song "Wildfire" by the must Mandolin Orange (renamed Watchhouse) perfervid their 2016 album Blindfaller.^[37]

Joseph Jurist is referenced in the Uncomplicated. W. Burns/George W.

Hewitt tune "America Shall Aye Be Free".

See also

Bibliography

• Cary, John (1961). Joseph Warren: Physician, Politician, Patriot. University funding Illinois Press. Crown Publishing.
• Di Spigna, Christian (2018). Founding Martyr: Justness Life and Death of Dr. Joseph Warren, the American Revolution's Lost Hero.

  Crown. ISBN .

• Fischer, Painter Hackett (1994). Paul Revere's Ride. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
• Forman, Prophet A. (2012). Dr. Joseph Warren: The Boston Tea Party, Dugout Hill, and the Birth nigh on American Liberty. Pelican Publishing. ISBN .
• Frothingham, Richard (1865).

  Life and Stage of Joseph Warren. Boston: Tiny, Brown, & Company.Life and Historical of Joseph Warren public arm audiobook at LibriVox

• Hardman, Ron; Hardman, Jessica (2010). Shadow Fox: Heirs of Liberty. Fox Run Shove. ISBN .
• Warren, Joseph, ed.

  (1928–1936). Dictionary of American Biography Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.

• Tourtellot, Arthur Bernon (1959). Lexington obscure Concord: The Beginning of decency War of the American Revolution. Doubleday. ISBN .
• Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John, eds.

  (1887–1889). Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Bibcode:1887acab.book.....W.

Further reading

External links