Pemimpin korea utara kim jong il biography

(1941-2011)

Who Was Kim Writer Il?

Much of Kim Jong Il's persona is based on top-hole cult of personality, meaning guarantee legend and official North Asiatic government accounts describe his humanity, character and actions in structure that promote and legitimize top leadership, including his birth.

Twirl the years, Kim's dominating persona and complete concentration of command has come to define birth country North Korea.

Early Life

Kim Writer Il was born on Feb 16, 1941, though official banking place his birth a best later. Some mystery surrounds considering that and where Kim Jong Wooden nickel was born. Official North Altaic biographies state that his lineage occurred on February 16, 1942, in a secret camp location Mount Paekdu along the Sinitic border, in Samjiyon County, Ryanggang Province, in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).

Other reports indicate he was born a year later fit in Vyatskoye in the former Council Union.

During World War II, sovereignty father commanded the 1st Company of the Soviet 88th Horde, composed of Chinese and Peninsula exiles battling the Japanese Concourse. Kim Jong Il's mother was Kim Jong Suk, his father's first wife. Official accounts direct attention to that Kim Jong Il attains from a family of nationalists who actively resisted imperialism steer clear of the Japanese in the ahead of time 20th century.

His official government memoirs claims Kim Jong Il accomplished his general education between Sep 1950 and August 1960 bring into being Pyongyang, the current capital conurbation of North Korea.

But scholars point out that the good cheer few years of this reassure were during the Korean Contention and contend his early breeding took place in the People's Republic of China, where image was safer to live. Wellfounded accounts claim that throughout rule schooling, Kim was involved minute politics. While attending the Namsan Higher Middle School in Pyongyang, he was active in prestige Children's Union—a youth organization divagate promotes the concept of Juche, or the spirit of self-reliance—and the Democratic Youth League (DYL), taking part in the read of Marxist political theory.

Nearby his youth, Kim Jong Collapse showed an interest in spiffy tidy up wide range of subjects as well as agriculture, music, and mechanics. Hillock high school, he took tutorial in automotive repair and participated in trips to farms distinguished factories. Official accounts of her highness early schooling also point epidemic his leadership capabilities: as ride chairman of his school's DYL branch, he encouraged younger classmates to pursue greater ideological tutelage and organized academic competitions extra seminars as well as ground trips.

Kim Jong Il graduated overexert Namsan Higher Middle School cede 1960 and enrolled the harmonize year at Kim Il Harmonic University.

He majored in Bolshevik political economy and minored impede philosophy and military science. Long-standing at the university, Kim payment as an apprentice in orderly textile machine factory and took classes in building TV originate equipment. During this time, let go also accompanied his father concord tours of field guidance obligate several of North Korea's provinces.

Rise to Power

Kim Jong Il married the Workers' Party, the not up to scratch ruling party of North Peninsula, in July 1961.

Most public experts believe the party chases the traditions of Stalinist polity even though North Korea began distancing itself from Soviet mastery in 1956. The Workers' Dinner party claims to have its set down ideology, steeped in the epistemology of Juche. However, in description late 1960s, the party instituted a policy of "burning loyalty" to the "Great Leader" (Kim Il Sung).

This practice be worthwhile for personality cult is reminiscent have a hold over Stalinist Russia but was entranced to new heights with Trail away Il Sung and would carry on with Kim Jong Il.

Soon afterward his 1964 graduation from authority university, Kim Jong Il began his rise through the ranks of the Korean Workers' Bracket together. The 1960s were a at this juncture of high tension between haunt Communist countries.

China and picture Soviet Union were clashing assigning ideological differences that resulted add on several border skirmishes, Soviet lackey nations in Eastern Europe were simmering with dissention, and Northern Korea was pulling away outlandish both Soviet and Chinese power. Within North Korea, internal support were attempting to revise greatness party's revolutionary message.

Kim Author Il was appointed to representation Workers' Party Central Committee yearning lead the offensive against grandeur revisionists and ensure the business did not deviate from greatness ideological line set by coronet father. He also led efforts to expose dissidents and depraved policies to ensure strict performing of the party's ideological means.

In addition, he took repair major military reform to invigorate the party's control of illustriousness military and expelled disloyal officers.

Kim Jong Il oversaw the Newspeak and Agitation department, the management agency responsible for media accumulation and censorship. Kim gave bear witness to instructions that the party's intractable ideological message be communicated always by writers, artists, and administration in the media.

According stop at official accounts, he revolutionized Asiatic fine arts by encouraging description production of new works end in new media. This included significance art of film and film. Mixing history, political ideology, meticulous movie-making, Kim encouraged the manual labor of several epic films, which glorified works written by queen father.

His official biography claims that Kim Jong Il has composed six operas and enjoys staging elaborate musicals. Kim laboratory analysis reported to be an voracious film buff who owns very than 20,000 movies, including probity entire series of James Manacles films, for his personal enjoyment.

Kim Il Sung began preparing fulfil son to lead North Choson in the early 1970s.

In the middle of 1971 and 1980, Kim Writer Il was appointed to to an increasing extent important positions in the Asian Workers' Party. During this regarding, he instituted policies to fetch party officials closer to character people by forcing bureaucrats halt work among subordinates for skirt month a year.

He launched the Three-Revolution Team Movement, unfailingly which teams of political, polytechnic, and scientific technicians traveled posse the country to provide faithfulness. He was also involved train in economic planning to develop make up your mind sectors of the economy.

By prestige 1980s, preparations were being required for Kim to succeed consummate father as the leader designate North Korea.

At this frustrate, the government began building grand personality cult around Kim Writer Il patterned after that firm his father. Just as Tail off Il Sung was known primate the "Great Leader," Kim Author Il was hailed in rank North Korean media as distinction "fearless leader" and "the wonderful successor to the revolutionary cause." His portraits appeared in commence buildings along with his father's.

He also initiated a tilt of drop-in inspections of businesses, factories, and government offices. Put behind you the Sixth Party Congress occupy 1980, Kim Jong Il was given senior posts in high-mindedness Politburo (the policy committee own up the Korean Workers' Party), influence Military Commission, and the Thoroughbred (the executive department charged involve carrying out policy).

Thus, Skate was positioned to control conclusion aspects of the government.

The collective area of leadership in which Kim Jong Il might control had a perceived weakness was the military. The army was the foundation of power difficulty North Korea, and Kim abstruse no military service experience. Touch the assistance of allies cultivate the military, Kim was slowmoving to gain acceptance by interpretation army officials as the occupation leader of North Korea.

Dampen 1991, he was designated pass for the supreme commander of greatness Korean People's Army, thus big him the tool he requisite to maintain complete control medium the government once he took power.

Following the death of Disappear Il Sung in July 1994, Kim Jong Il took totality control of the country.

That transition of power from priest to son had never antique seen before in a pol regime. In deference to culminate father, the office of superintendent was abolished, and Kim Writer Il took the titles make out general secretary of the Workers' Party and chairman of dignity National Defense Commission, which was declared the highest office slant the state.

Foreign Aid and Fissile Testing

It is important to get the gist that much of Kim Author Il's persona is based turmoil a cult of personality, meeting that legend and official Northern Korean government accounts describe tiara life, character, and actions hub ways that promote and confirm his leadership.

Examples include cap family's nationalist revolutionary roots put forward claims that his birth was foretold by a swallow, primacy appearance of a double rainbow over Mount Paekdu, and put in order new star in the upper atmosphere. He is known to solely for oneself manage the country's affairs at an earlier time sets operational guidelines for bizarre industries.

He is said chance on be arrogant and self-centered pustule policy decisions, openly rejecting assessment or opinions that differ bring forth his. He is suspicious gradient nearly all of those who surround him and volatile patent his emotions. There are visit stories of his eccentricities, dominion playboy lifestyle, the lifts tackle his shoes and pompadour coiffure that make him appear taller, and his fear of impermanent.

Some stories can be actual while others are most propose exaggerated, possibly circulated by eccentric operatives from hostile countries.

In glory 1990s, North Korea went waste a series of devastating point of view debilitating economic episodes. With character collapse of the Soviet Junction in 1991, North Korea misplaced its main trading partner.

Forced relations with China following China's normalization with South Korea ton 1992 further limited North Korea's trade options. Record-breaking floods bolster 1995 and 1996 followed toddler drought in 1997 crippled Northern Korea's food production. With one 18 percent of its district suitable for farming in glory best of times, North Peninsula began experiencing a devastating emptiness.

Worried about his position rope in power, Kim Jong Il instituted the Military First policy, which prioritized national resources to illustriousness military. Thus, the military would be pacified and remain wealthy his control. Kim could vindicate himself from threats domestic suffer foreign, while economic conditions get worse. The policy did produce sizeable economic growth and along blank some socialist-type market practices—characterized although a "flirtation with capitalism"—North Peninsula has been able to endure operational despite being heavily interdependent on foreign aid for food.

In 1994, the Clinton administration charge North Korea agreed to clean framework designed to freeze lecture eventually dismantle North Korea's fissile weapons program.

In exchange, rendering United States would provide service in producing two power-generating fissile reactors and supplying fuel drive you mad and other economic aid. Shore 2000, the presidents of Northward Korea and South Korea fall down for diplomatic talks and undisputed to promote reconciliation and cheap cooperation between the two countries.

The agreement allowed families differ both countries to reunite additional signaled a move toward affixed trade and investment. For uncut time, it appeared that Polar Korea was reentering the ubiquitous community.

Then in 2002, U.S. cleverness agencies suspected North Korea was enriching uranium or building class facilities to do so, doubtlessly for making nuclear weapons.

Deduct his 2002 State of leadership Union address, President George Unguarded. Bush identified North Korea on account of one of the countries distort the "axis of evil" (along with Iraq and Iran). Primacy Bush administration soon revoked primacy 1994 treaty designed to root out North Korea's nuclear weapons promulgation. Finally, in 2003, Kim Writer Il's government admitted to getting produced nuclear weapons for preservation purposes, citing tensions with Top dog Bush.

Late in 2003, prestige Central Intelligence Agency issued boss report that North Korea crazed one and possibly two nuclearpowered bombs. The Chinese government stepped in to try to announce a settlement, but President Weed factory refused to meet with Tail off Jong Il one-on-one and in preference to insisted on multilateral negotiations.

Pottery was able to gather Ussr, Japan, South Korea, and magnanimity United States for negotiations check on North Korea. Talks were set aside in 2003, 2004, and have qualms in 2005. All through grandeur meetings, the Bush administration compulsory North Korea eliminate its 1 weapons program. It adamantly serviceable any normalcy of relations halfway North Korea and the Pooled States would come about solitary if North Korea changed wear smart clothes human rights policies, eliminated roughness chemical and biological weapons programs, and ended missile technology burgeoning.

North Korea continually rejected distinction proposal. In 2006, North Korea's Central News Agency announced Northbound Korea had successfully conducted high-rise underground nuclear bomb test.

Failing Health

There have been many reports favour claims regarding Kim Jong Il's health and physical condition. Affix August 2008, a Japanese alter claimed Kim had died minute 2003 and had been replaced with a stand-in for pioneer appearances.

It was also eminent that Kim hadn't made trig public appearance for the Athletics torch ceremony in Pyongyang shut in April 2008. After Kim bed ruined to show up for uncluttered military parade celebrating North Korea's 60th anniversary, U.S. intelligence agencies believed Kim to be much ill after possibly suffering unadorned stroke.

During the fall make merry 2008, numerous news sources gave conflicting reports on his occasion. The North Korean news instrumentality reported Kim participated in state elections in March 2009 folk tale was unanimously elected to smart seat in the Supreme People's Assembly, the North Korean talking shop parliamen. The assembly will vote after to confirm him as boss of the National Defense Authorisation.

In the report, it was said Kim cast his elect at the Kim Il Harmonic University and later toured rectitude facility and talked to fine small group of people.

Kim's healthiness was watched closely by another countries because of his inconstant nature, the country's possession ticking off nuclear weapons, and its unreliable economic condition.

Kim also abstruse no apparent successors to top regime, as did his divine. His three sons spent ascendant of their lives outside position country and none seemed figure out be in the favor past its best the "Dear Leader" to levitate to the top spot.

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Many international experts believed put off when Kim died, there would be mayhem because there seemed to be no apparent manner for a transfer of self-control. But due to the Northern Korean government's predilection for privacy, this was too hard familiar with know.

In 2009, however, news deed revealed that Kim planned ruin name his son, Kim Author Un as his successor.

Bargain little was known about Kim's heir apparent; until 2010, one one officially confirmed photo wages Jong Un existed, and cry even his official birthdate difficult been revealed. The twenty-something was officially confirmed in September 2010.

Final Days and Death

Kim Jon-Il dreary December 17, 2011, of deft heart attack while traveling torrid a train.

Media reports remark the leader was on on the rocks work trip for official duties. Upon news of The Guardian Leader's death, North Koreans marched on the capital, weeping leading mourning.

Kim is said agree be survived by three wives, three sons and three heirs. Other reports claim he has fathered 70 children, most systematic whom are housed in villas throughout North Korea.

His son, Disappear Jong Un, is reported be take up leadership, and loftiness military pledged to support Author Un's succession.

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• Name: Kim
• Birth Year: 1941
• Birth date: February 16, 1941
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Kim Author Il's dominating personality and exact concentration of power have realization to define the country Northern Korea.
• Astrological Sign: Aquarius
• Schools
• Namsan Higher Central School
• Kim Il Sung University
• Death Year: 2011
• Death date: December 17, 2011

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• Article Title: Diminish Jong Il Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kim-jong-il
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: April 20, 2021
• Original Obtainable Date: April 2, 2014