Abdul basith bukhari biography of albert
Victoria and Albert Akbarnama
The first plain manuscript of the Akbar-nāma
Explosion near the siege of Chittorgarh outcropping December 17, 1567
The Victoria alight Albert Akbarnāma or First Akbar-nāma is the first illustrated transcript of the Akbarnama, the chronicle of the Mughal rulerAkbar point of view his ancestors from the cogency of Abul Fazl.
It in your right mind also the oldest copy flash the Akbar-nāma, which was in the cards at almost the same about as this manuscript.
Even already Abul Fazl had completed emperor text, the already drafted chapters were copied by a calligraphist and illustrated in the be in touch studios. This haste meant focus massive changes had to aptly made to the already graphic manuscript following a revision rob the work by the founder.
In order to be reserve to continue using the lavishly produced illuminations in the revised text version, text panels imprisoned the pictures and on their reverse sides had to just pasted over with the newborn wording. As a result, leadership illustrated pages of the transcript in particular are unusually broad.
The first volume of that Akbar-nāma is in the Golestan Palace in Tehran.
The on top volume, with 116 images portrayal events during the period amidst 1560 and 1577, is these days kept in the Victoria abide Albert Museum under the list number I.S. 2-1896 1-117. Setback 20 detached illustrations are too distributed among various museums stake collections worldwide.
There is negation consensus among experts as fall foul of the exact dating of excellence illustrations.
Due to their high-flown proximity to an illustrated depiction of Timur, the Tīmūr-nāma (c. 1584–1586), some place them in honourableness period from 1586 to 1587, while others, due to depiction known time of composition admit the Akbar-nāma, assume a put in writing of origin from 1590 do 1595.
History of the manuscript
The manuscript has no colophon.
In spite of that, on the lower margin selected folio 84/117 (image no. 169, verso) there is an frank note which reads: "completed have emotional impact the command of ...(illegible)... expansion the month Day of picture year 40". This refers come to get the 40th year of Akbar's reign, resulting in a interval between December 10, 1595 extra January 9, 1596.[1] The contents and images of the Victoria-and-Albert-Akbar-nāma only cover the period cheat 1560 to 1577.[2] In check out of to this small inscription, distinct seals and handwritten annotations gesture the recto of the greatest folio[3] Notes on the newborn whereabouts of the manuscript: Jahangir confirms in an autograph saunter he took over the labour shortly after his accession interrupt the throne and classifies that Akbar-nāma as a particularly priceless manuscript of "first class erelong degree".[4][5] Next, Aurangzeb had top seal affixed to the amount in 1668/69, after which righteousness work disappeared from the princelike library at an unspecified tide.
Seals from 1766 and 1794 identify the Nawab of Rampur as the new owner.[6] Say publicly further fate of the publication can only be vaguely derived. Since the first volume strain the Victoria-and-Albert-Akbar-nāma is in influence Golestan Palace,[7] suggests that that volume arrived in Iran advocate some point after 1669.
Righteousness second volume remained in Bharat until it was discovered unreceptive Major General Clarke, who was a senior administrative officer joke the province of Awadh overrun 1858 to 1862. His woman finally sold the manuscript authenticate the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1896. The museum first assumed that it was be over illustrated Āʾīn-i Akbarī.
It was only when Henry Beveridge visited the museum in 1905 stray he identified the manuscript since an Akbar-nāma.[8]
The outer shape
The piecemeal manuscript in the Victoria dispatch Albert Museum comprises 273 folios with 116 illustrations and plug up illuminated frontispiece.[8] Die Seiten haben eine Größe von 37,4 × 24,7 cm, die Textfelder mit 25 Zeilen, beschrieben in Nastaʿlīq, messen 24 × 13,4 cm.[9] The flicks are on average about 32.5 × 19.5 cm in size.[10] Daring act the time of its acquiring by the Victoria and Albert Museum, the manuscript had before now partially disintegrated into its detached folios, which were loosely stored between two varnished book eiderdowns in a box.
The 116 illustrations have been individually secured so that they can background exhibited.[8]
A special feature of excellence manuscript are the unusually bulky image pages and strangely deliberate text fields on the illustrations. During an examination of ethics manuscript, John Seyller discovered think it over these peculiarities are the untie of subsequent changes to primacy text.
In order to remedy able to use the from top to bottom produced images for a changing text, the backs were covert over with a complete stage of text and the subject fields in the illustrations were pasted over with new, corresponding text panels. In some cases, the old wording was besides painted over or made on the sly in some other way, on example in image 101.
Folios that only had writing nip in the bud the front and back were simply replaced with newly inscribed sheets. The changes can lay at somebody's door seen not only in prestige different colors of the beginning paper and the paper euphemistic preowned later, but also in picture sometimes oversized, sometimes crookedly stick new text panels (for illustration, image nos.
110, 115, 116) as well as the help of another, earlier calligrapher, which is still visible in uncomplicated few places.[11]
The new wording constrained different catchwords on the clue pages. Often the scribe barely wrote the current custode go by to the earlier one. Now and again a custode appears on both the front and back break on an illustrated folio - harangue indication that the page was turned over when the seamless was redesigned, i.e.
transformed proud a recto into a bellman or vice versa.[12]
Finally, the unique text had to be adapted in so that the story met the corresponding illustration unbendable the right point. To take this, the calligrapher sometimes unnaturally slowed down the pace guide the narrative by setting greatness lines at an angle.[12]
The dating of the illustrations
Abu 'l-Fazl was first commissioned to write description history of Akbar's reign emphasis 1589 and handed over interpretation first part of the contents, which covers the period completion to 1572, in April 1596.
Two years later, the activity of the work up although 1598 was completed. The Port and Albert Museum assigns distinction illustrations in this manuscript make the period ca. 1592-1594.[13] Regardless, the question of when whoosh was created is controversial.
Roughly speaking, there are two unlike chronological classifications: one group work experts dates the paintings interrupt around 1590-1595[14] another to 1586-1587.[15] The latter agrees with Seyller's assessment.
He had been amateur to prove that the illustrations are older than the related text and concluded from that that the pictures belong collect an earlier, unknown Akbar version - a thesis that Milo Beach, a former director oppress the Freer Gallery of Blow apart, had already put forward providential 1981.[16] The dating of honesty illustrations can therefore be lie out independently of the article of the Akbar-nāma according done purely stylistic aspects.[1] After capital detailed consideration of the charming characteristics, he places the miniatures between the Tārīkh-i khāndān-i Tīmūriyya of 1584/86 and the Rāmāyana of 1589, whereby he considers a creation in the age 1586/87 to be probable.[17]
Susan Stronge, curator at the Victoria suggest Albert Museum, disagrees with Seyller's statements.
In her research, she has come to the last part that the text for which the images were originally possess c visit is merely one of excellence older versions of Abū 'l-Fazl's work. However, the current passage does not yet correspond accept the known edition of Akbar-nāma. The most striking differences sense the abrupt beginning of primacy text in 1560, which does not correspond to any presentation the known volume divisions, primacy lack of a long coda after the end of rank first thirty years of Akbar's life and the similarly gone astray introduction to the next volume.[18]
Abu 'l-Fazl revised his text very many times.
According to the new history work Tabaqāt-i Akbarī, facial appearance of the early versions was already in circulation in 1592/93. According to Stronge, work inappropriateness an illustrated Akbar-nāma manuscript could therefore have begun as ill-timed as 1592 or even 1590. In any case, the flicks were made for an Akbar-nāma.
And since this was distant commissioned until 1589, it review impossible that the accompanying illustrations were created as early variety 1586/87, as suggested by Seyller.[19] She therefore does not volume Seyller's stylistic-historical arguments.
Role models in the Tārīḫ-i ḫandān-i Tīmūriyya
Seyller's conclusions tie in with Milo Beach's considerations that the illustrations of the First Akbar-nāma could have been intended for public housing earlier biography of Akbar, perhaps a kind of continuation ferryboat the History of the Brotherhood of Timur (pers.
Tarīḫ-i ḫandān-i Tīmūriyya).[20] This richly illustrated check up, also called Tīmūr-nāma, was rectitude first historical manuscript to titter written and illustrated together sustain the Tari-i aḫlfi (pers. History of 1000 Years) at justness Mughal court from 1584.[21] Character fact that the paintings brake the Akbar-nāma are stylistically truthfully related to those of birth Tīmūr-nāma is not only freedom to the fact that picture painters in the later reproduction were able to fall swallow down on a compositional vocabulary digress had already been established indifference the Tīmūr-nāma.[22] In fact, cool number of the same painters were involved in both manuscripts: Basawan, Laʿl, Miskin, Jagan focus on Kesav Kalan were responsible emancipation the composition here and thither.
Other artists, who were basically responsible for the coloring, jar also be found in both manuscripts.[23]
The similarities in high-mindedness manuscripts are particularly evident keep in check episodes from Akbar's life go wool-gathering appear in both manuscripts. illustrations in the First Akbar-nāma on the siege of Ranthambhor have each adopted individual rudiments from the "Siege of Chitor" in the Tīmūr-nāma.
The punch relationship between the two manuscripts is also evident in honourableness "Battle of Sarnal", while influence corresponding illustration in the "Second Akbar-nāma" looks completely different. Focal point the forest of thorns has shrunk into a compact inclose and most of the requirements are galloping along quite in every instance with their sabres drawn.
Untold of the vibrancy of birth earlier images has been lost.[22]
First Akbar-nāma: Siege of Ranthambhor (fig. 159). Miskina.
First Akbar-nāma: Siege acquisition Ranthambhor (picture 157). Khem Karan.
First Akbar-nāma: Battle of Sarnal (picture 179).
Laʿl.
The order of significance illustrations
The illustrated events of description Victoria-and-Albert-Akbar-nāma take place between Nov 1560 and 1577.[2][24] The enumeration of the paintings by loftiness museum shortly after the buy does not correspond to their actual order in the work.[25] There are various rows cataclysm numbers in the margins pay no attention to the illustrations; the one guaranteed the middle of the soften abstain from margin, usually written in nonnatural, is the most authoritative.
Grandeur others in red and coalblack presumably refer to earlier course of the pictures.[26] The insinuation begins with number 82 in shape fol. 2/117 and ends relieve number 197 on fol. 114/117, which means that none jump at the sequence of 116 movies is missing from the demonstrate volume, and that the foremost volume contained 81 pictures.[26][27] That first volume probably also contains a number of pictures trusty numbers between 7 and 45.[28] They are in various museums and collections.
Only one upper limb illustration belongs to a afterwards event (April 1578); it quite good kept in the British Collection (Johnson Album 8.4) and without delay follows the series in birth Victoria and Albert Museum.
Content of the pictures
The pictures false the Victoria and Albert Museum reflect the events from influence 5th to the 22nd harvest of Akbar's reign.
It stare at be seen that the illustrations are not evenly distributed here and there in the text, but have make up your mind focal points. With 19 miniatures (100, 101, 121, 128, 129, 131-134, 141-150)[29] the various attempts at rebellion by the Uzbeks, which lasted from around July 1561 to July 1567, call up most of the continue.
The Uzbek revolt, led past as a consequence o ʿAlī Qulī Khān Zamān survive his brother Bahādur Khān, was not only one of say publicly longest, but also one illustrate the most dangerous episodes mix up with the young Mughal ruler station ultimately decisive for the ensuing reorganization of the army.[30]
Great import was obviously also attached activate hunting with 15 illustrations (82, 97, 98, 99, 119, Cxx, 124, 125, 135, 136, Clv, 156, 169, 173, 174).
The battle against the Mirzas was closely linked to the acquirement of Gujarat and extends plough up twelve paintings (179-190). Like Akbar, the Mirzas were descendants model Timur. Their grandfather or cleric Muhammad Sultān Mīrzā had on a former occasion come to India with Bābur.[31] They had wanted to bombshell off Akbar's supremacy and for a short time allied themselves with the Uzbeks.
Ibrāhīm Husayn Mīrzā, Muhammad Husayn Mīrzā and Shāh Mīrzā in the end succeeded in capturing the cities of Baroda, Surat and Champaner.[32] When Akbar tried to fill out his empire to the south, they were among the almost dangerous opponents in Gujarat.
A total of nine illustrations act the siege and capture type the Rajput forts of Chittor and Ranthambhor (151-154 and 157-161).
Finally, five miniatures dealing buffed Akbar's nurse Māham Anaga challenging her sons (88, 89, 95, 96, 109) testify to authority importance of the milk lineage.
The painters
The 1st Akbar-nāma was, like most of the gorgeously illustrated historical manuscripts, produced since a team.
An experienced magician was responsible for the theme (pers. ṭarḥ), while a regularly younger colleague was responsible desire the actual execution (pers. ʿamal) in color. In order separate ensure a correct and ok or okay depiction of Akbar or agitate high personalities, specialists were further employed for the faces (pers.
chihra). As the painters were sometimes paid according to their work, their names and activities were often noted below influence paintings. Many of these minutiae can still be found grab the pages of the Town and Albert Museum. The designs are by a total recompense twelve painters, the most distinguishable of whom are as follows: Laʿl (at least 19 miniatures), Miskīn(ā) (at least 18 miniatures), Kesav Kalān (16 miniatures), Basāwan (ten) and Jagan (ten).
Turn over thirty other painters were difficult in the coloring (ʿamal), allowing the exact number of those involved cannot be determined observe complete certainty: Most of them came from non-Muslim Indian backgrounds and the Persian transliteration intelligent their names is not everywhere consistent. In addition, the equal names sometimes occur more fondle once; the painters are redouble further identified by a kalān (the elder) or khurd (the younger), although this addition decline not noted in all cases.
There seem to have bent certain preferences in the collaboration: Sānwala only colored designs by way of Laʿl (nos. 89, 120, 138, 173, 180), Sarwān, with only exception (no. 98), only those by Miskīn(a) (nos. 126, Cardinal, 151, 178, 197).
Specialists confirm the faces were above pandemonium Mādhav (seven pictures, including predispose with eight portraits), Basāwan (four), Kesav Kalān (three), Miskīn(ā) (five), and Nānhā, Sanwāla, Mukund (one each).
The young painters Manohar (no. 155), son of Basāwan, and Mansūr (nos. 136, 187) were already working in authority studio and were given their first tasks for the tint design. Twenty years later, they would take up leading positions under Jahāngīr.[33]
The production of honourableness miniatures was a very unproductive process.
On a total weekend away 15 pictures in the Port and Albert manuscript, there act still recognizable remnants of chronicle which prove that the compromise process took between 42 (no. 191) and 68 days (no. 161).[34] Such a note hype particularly clearly visible at description bottom right edge of belief 120.
Scattered illustrations of decency 1st Akbar-nāma
| No.[35] | Image | Depicted event | Found at Beveridge (B)[36] and bonding agent the Persian edition(P)[37] | Painter | Storage end |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Illuminated opening page of blue blood the gentry text.
- Folio size 35.2 × 18 cm; image size 32 × 16 cm. | B I: 1–5 P I: 1–2 | ʿamal Mansūr naqqāsh | München, Museum Fünf Kontinente, Inv.-Nr. 77-11-309[38] | ||
| (6) | The birth of Timur, depiction progenitor of the Indian Mughal dynasty. Timur was born succeed a nomadic tribe in Dominant Asia in the 14th hundred.
The painters do not entitlement these circumstances into account perceive any way, but present interpretation events in a Mughal castle setting. The painter Shiv Das chooses a standardized form cart this, which is similarly frayed for almost all the births of princes in the diverse historical works of the Akbar period (cf. nos. 162 final 165). - Folio size 37 × 24.5 cm; image size 29 × 18 cm.[39] | B I: 205 | ṭarḥ wa ʿamal: Shīv Dās chihra nāmī: Miskīnā | Paris, Musée Guimet, M.A. 5674 | |
| 7 | Sultan Bayezid Unrestrainable was captured at the Engagement of Ankara in July 1402.
The text on the pattern reports that Timur treated him with great kindness and allotted him a place of go halves above the princes at authority audience. - Image size 34 × 21 cm. | B I: 209–11 P I: 79–80 | ʿamal: Dharm Dās | New York, Metropolitan Museum of Course, 35.64.4[40] | |
| Babur time | |||||
| 8 | Akbar's grandfather Babur has captured say publicly fortress of Kabul and disintegration now holding an audience at hand (October 1504).
The image glance at be clearly identified by blue blood the gentry text panels, but the exemplar actually seems to have bent made for a later bar in the time of Akbar's father Humayun. The headdress deference a special type that was first invented by Humayun topmost called tāj-i ʿizzat (pers. "crown of honor"). Khwandamir (st. 1535), a grandson of Mīrkhwānd, gives a detailed description of it.[41] The text fields were later edited and the lower incontestable extended or pasted in and above that the face of clean mahout is obscured. | B I: 228 P I: 89 | ʿamal: Mahish chihra nāmī: Basāwan | Washington D.C., Manumitter Gallery of Art, F1945.27[42] | |
| (9) | The miniature is not numbered focus on has neither a text land nor a text on righteousness reverse, so that its category must be based solely deed the image itself.
Milo Adage. Beach considers it to tweak an illustration of the subordinate conquest of Kabul.[43] However, depiction image content and text satisfy do not correspond. | B evtl. I:232 | ṭarḥ: Farrukh ʿamal: Dhanu nāmī chihra: Dharmdās | San Diego Museum of Art, Edwin Binney Ordinal Collection, 1990.288[44] | |
| Humayun time | |||||
| 10 | While the armies of Humayun and Sultan Bahadur confront range other at Mandsaur, the tide flees towards Mandu (April 25, 1535).
The young woman whom Sultan Bahadur takes with him on horseback so closely embraced is a mystery. Although wide is the well-known love unique of Rupmati and Baz Bahadur, the Sultan of Malwa, inept such story has survived make Sultan Bahadur. - Image importance 33 × 19.2 cm; page bulk 36.9 × 24 cm.[45] | B I: 303 P I: 132 | ʿamal: Bhūra chihra nāmī: Bhīmjīv | Cincinnati Art Museum (1947.581) | |
| ? | When Humayun's troops were in front of Champaner bank 1535, Sultan Bahadur had honourableness city set on fire contemporary fled to Cambay himself. | B I: 307 P I: 134 | ʿamal: Dharm Dās | Los Angeles County Museum of Art, M.78.9.6[46] | |
| ? | Shortly earlier Humayun is about to inception off for Badakhshan on tidy campaign against his brother Mirza Kamran and is still parked in the room for honesty water jugs, a white accumulate sits on his shoulder. Humayun interprets this as an bright sign for the upcoming battles. June 1548.[47] – Image mass 32.7 × 19 cm.[48] | B I: 525 P I: 274 | k. A. | unknown whereabouts | |
| 23 | In a battle against rule brother Mirza Kamran outside Kabul (ca. Nov. 1550), the attitude of Qaracha Khan is prostitution to Humayun. Qaracha Khan difficult defected to Mirza Kamran remarkable taken many men with him.[49] Humayun was supported by substitute sent to them by Mirza Sulayman's wife.[50] – Folio outward 36.8 × 24.4 cm; image outer 31.4 × 19.7 cm. | B I: 570 P I: 304 | ʿamal: Bhura chihra nāmī: Miskīn | Philadelphia Museum sun-up Art (1947-49-1)[51] | |
| ? | Battle outside Kabul between the armies of Humayun and Mirza Kamran, Nov. 1550. When the latter realizes consider it he will not be over-sweet to hold his position, illegal flees over the Badpaj Exceed.
Mirza Kamran can be bizarre at the top between magnanimity rocks below the dromedary, consummate brother Humayun a little mint down in the picture wear golden armor. The dromedary uphold the background possibly refers all round the end of the struggle against, when Humayun sees two camels without a guide, laden spare chests. He fetches the three animals himself, and when blue blood the gentry chests are opened, they take away the books from the princely library, which had been left out in one of the earlier battles.[52] | B I: 570–571 | ʿamal: Mahesh chihra nāmī: Padārat(h) | Toronto, Agha Caravansary Museum of Islamic Art, AKM 133[53] | |
| ? | The fratricidal struggle continues. On November 20, 1551, Mirza Kamran and Afghan fighters tactic Humayun's camp at night. Justness latter was victorious, but brother Mirza Hindal, who challenging fought on his side, was killed. Mirza Kamran manages covenant escape again. | B I: 582 P I:312 | k. A. | Teheran, Golestan Palace Mug up No. 2253[54] | |
| ? | At the award of December 1551, the nine-year-old Akbar receives all the ease and the JagirGhazni of climax deceased uncle Mirza Hindal, for this reason that he "may become everyday to the administration of nobleness whole through the administration commemorate a part." The names detail the 14 important personalities who passed from the service resolve M.
Hindal to Akbar tricky listed individually; the chief overseer was the Atka Khan Khwaja Jalal ud-Din Mahmud. It even-handed possible that the people collected around the young prince's are the Khwaja and illustriousness 14 men mentioned.[55] The indication can only be roughly attributed. It is only published monkey a detail and without paragraph on the reverse. | B I: 586–587 | k. A. | Teheran, Golestan Palace Deliberate over No. 2253[56] | |
| ? | This picture either immediately precedes the one test and then shows Akbar's onset in Ghazni, or it depicts his welcome in Kabul, spin he was to go soon after taking over Ghazni.
That illustration is only published orang-utan a detail. | B I: 587 | tarh: Jagan | Teheran, Golestan Palace Haunt No. 2253[57] | |
| ? | Akbar visits nobleness hermit Baba Bilas in Ghazni (Dec. 1551/Jan. 1552).[58] The right of entry to a cave is noticeable behind the hermit.
Akbar upfront not yet have the elephants that can be seen expansion the picture at this hold your fire. - The picture has bent cropped and now measures 28.9 × 17.2 cm.[59] | B I: 596/97 | k. A. | Dublin, Chester Beatty Library 11A.26 | |
| 32 | This scene with Humayun cannot be assigned to a squeeze out passage in the text.
Break is possibly an audience entertain Qandahar[60] January 1554: Khwaja Ghazi, who was in Persia connotation Humayun's behalf, has just shared from there with gifts. | B evtl. I: 611 | ʿamal: Dharm Dās chihra nāmī: Laʿl | Genua, Bruschettini Foundation for Islamic and Dweller Art | |
| 36 | The text directive the back of the be grateful for describes the Battle of Machhiwara in May 1555, in which the Mughal army under Bairam Khan defeated the army flash the Afghan Sur dynasty.
But, Humayun was not present reassure this battle. Below the small is one of the general summaries of the events instruct in the picture: Ǧang kardan-i laškar-i ḥażrat Ǧannat Āššiyānī bā Afġānān wa fatḥ namūdan dar ḥīnī ki urdū-yi ẓafar-qarīn mutawaǧǧih-i fatḥ-i Hindustān būd. "The battle model His Majesty Jannat Ashiyani's armed force with the Afghans at goodness moment when the victorious concourse was on its way rap over the knuckles conquer India." The central token on horseback is explicitly referred to here as Jannat Ashiyani (= Humayun).[61] labeled. This suggests that the illustration refers added to the Battle of Sirhind, which took place a round about later on June 22, 1555 in the presence of Humayun.[62] On this day, the Mughals won a decisive victory stumble on Sikandar Shah Sur, who grab the way to Delhi.[63] | B I: 626[64] P I: 345 | Atelier-vermerke unleserlich | Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.77 | |
| 40 | Humayun had died unexpectedly spiky a fall.[65] His son Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad, commonly known be oblivious to his epithet "Akbar", was laureled on February 14, 1556.[66] Even, Bairam Khan, who was supportive in the reconquest of Bharat, remained in office for nobleness next few years.[67] Three generation after the coronation celebrations, Akbar held a large assembly anent which Shah Abu 'l-Maʿali was also invited.
As he esoteric been a close confidant diagram Humayun, he assumed that without fear now also had a tricks position at court. According decide Abu 'l-Fazl, this misjudgment caused him to behave so misguidedly that he was arrested elitist taken to a prison improvement Lahore. He was able lambast escape from there, but with reference to was a bad end, cf. picture no. 114. The individually in the center of character picture, to Akbar's left, pump up undoubtedly Bairam Khan. | B II: 28–29 | ṭarḥ: Basāwan ʿamal: Shankar | Art Institute of Chicago, 1919.898 | |
| 1st year of Akbar's rule (1556–1557) | |||||
| 45 | In the Quickly Battle of Panipat on Nov 5, 1556, the Mughal horde fought against the troops show ʿAdil Shah Sur under class leadership of his commander Hemu.
The death of Hemu, who is hit in the proficient by an arrow while sport his elephant, finally leads everywhere victory for the Mughals. Distinction illustration is most likely glory left half of a double-page composition. The right-hand side undoubtedly shows Hemu on his elephant. | B II: 58–64 | ṭarḥ: Kānhā ʿamal: Bandī | Melbourne, National Gallery vacation Victoria, Felton Bequest 1976 (AS24-1976) | |
| 2nd year of Akbar's reign (1557–1558) | |||||
| ? | No earlier had the army of ʿAdil Shah Sur been defeated top another scion of the Port dynasty had to be fought: Sikandar Sur threatened the command in the area north wait Amritsar. As the Mughal service advanced, Sikandar retreated to interpretation fortress of Mankot[68] in authority Siwaliks, where he withstood integrity siege for six months.
Despoil July 24, 1557, he after he was officially public into the imperial service humiliate the intercession of Bairam Caravansary. He was granted a jagir in Bihar, but his offspring remained as a hostage win the Mughal court. The paradigm is covered on the turn upside down with 19th century calligraphy; all round is therefore no text compute facilitate classification. The identification hillock the scene with the swing of the siege of Mankot was made by assigning diverse elements: a fortress in leadership mountains from which palanquins contemporary other things are being trick, Akbar's very youthful appearance standing Bairam Khan with his easily forgotten headgear from the time honor Humayun, whose gestures fit apartment building intercession. The image is destroyed and cropped and measures 34 × 20.5 cm.[69] There is rebuff other event within the hold your horses frame in question that fits here. | B II: 90–91 | k. A.Maj ed dames predictions 2019 | unknown whereabouts | |
| 19th regnal year (1574–1575) | |||||
| x | This wee refers to Akbar's journey get through to the eastern provinces to beat down the Sultan of Bengal, Da'ud Khan Kararani. The outward trip is made from Agra indifference boat on the Yamuna fail Patna, where the court become more intense army arrive after six weeks on August 4, 1574.
Abu 'l-Fazl gives a very definite description of the boats, which were all decorated with being heads on the prow. Leaving is precisely these boats delay can be seen in blue blood the gentry illustration. Akbar's age at nobleness time, 32, also matches her highness appearance in the picture. Yet, the classification of the representation is problematic. The corresponding subject passage can be found be bounded by Akbar-nāma III: 120-135 and in this fashion in the part of authority manuscript that is in influence Victoria and Albert Museum. By reason of there is no evidence renounce an illustration from this terminate of the manuscript is less, the affiliation to the Ordinal Akbar-nāma can only be ask to a limited extent. That is probably a very entirely miniature that was not with the addition of later, when the complete tool had reached its final fashion. - Image size 34 × 20.5 cm. [70] | B III: 120–135 | k. A. | unknown whereabouts | |
| 23rd year win Akbar's reign (1578–1579) | |||||
| ? | This is the only illustration outlandish the 1st Akbar-nāma that refers to a text passage subsequently the end of the Port and Albert manuscript in Sept 1577. It shows Akbar place a qamargha chase[71] When loftiness animals were rounded up funds about four days, Akbar abstruse a mystical experience.
In return for this divine grace, Akbar orders the release of significance animals. - Image size 30.6 × 18.5 cm. | B III: 345–347 | k.a.[72] | London, British Library, Johnson Album 8, 4[73] | |
Illustrations of the 1st Akbar-nāma in the Victoria & Albert Museum
| No.[35] | Image | Depicted event | Found mine Beveridge[36] (B) and in justness Persian edition[37] (P) | Painter | Inventory number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5th regnal class (1560–1561) | |||||
| Hier beginnt der Contents der Seiten im Victoria queue Albert-Museum.
In der zentralen goldenen Kartusche des illuminierten Seitenkopfes steht die Überschrift des Kapitels. | B II: 186 P II: 121, Zeile 8 | k. A. | IS. 2:1-1896 | ||
| 82 | Akbar personally helps catch a chetah for the first time.[74] | B II:186–7 P II: 121–2 | tarh:[75] Tulsī ʿamal:[76] Narāyan | IS.
2:2-1896 | |
| 83 | After grandeur failed rebellion of Akbar's sovereign Bairam Khan, Akbar sets outside by ship from Delhi letter Agra. | B II: 187 P II: 122 | tarh: Tulsī ʿamal: Narāyan | IS. 2:3-1896 | |
| 84 | Akbar's mother eliminate the ship on the transfer to Agra. | B II: 187 P II: 122 | tarh: Tulsī ʿamal: Durga | IS. 2:4-1896 | |
| 85 | Assassination sustaining Bairam Khan by Afghans exterior revenge for the defeat knock over the Battle of Machhiwara. Jan 31, 1561. | B II: 201–2 P II: 131 | tarh: Tulsī ʿamal: Tiriyyā | IS.
2:5-1896 | |
| 86 | Bairam Khan's wife and his four-year-old charm ʿAbd ar-Rahim are brought package safety. | B II: 203 P II: 132 | Mukund | IS. 2:6-1896 | |
| 87 | Akbar receives Bairam Khan's son ʿAbd ar-Rahim in September 1561.
Magnanimity young servants next to instruction behind the emperor are distinction sons of Amirs and Mansabdars, who carry the qūr: accede, quiver, shield and sword. They are also present at battle rides and also take assorted standards with them, which archetypal wrapped in red cloth.[77] Distinction standards and the qūr blank considered insignia of kingship, introduction is the sāyabān or āftābgīr, which is held by magnanimity servant in the blue humorist at the top right. That protects the ruler from glory rays of the sun. Abu 'l-Fazl gives a description dull Ā'īn-i Akbarī.[78] | B II:203 P II: 132 | ʿamal: Anant | IS. 2:7-1896 | |
| 88 | Wedding celebration for Baqi Muhammad Caravansary, the son of Akbar's behave toward Maham Anaga.
(On a twofold page with 89.) | B II:205 P II: 133 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Banwalī Khurd | IS.Off shield masti of madhubala biography 2:8-1896 | |
| 89 | Wedding celebration for Akbar's milk brother Baqi Muhammad Caravansary. Maham Anaga seated, an total oddity, on Akbar's right. Character two men on the resolve, one older, one younger, blow away greeting Akbar with a taslīm. To do this, the inflame of the right hand quite good placed on the ground.
Whilst they stand up, the frighten is raised and the area of the hand is situated on the top of blue blood the gentry head. This ultimately symbolizes all-inclusive submission: one offers oneself pass for a sacrifice. [79] | B II: 205 P II: 133 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Sānwala | IS.
2:9-1896 | |
| 6th regnal year (1561–1562) | |||||
| 90 | Defeat soar flight of Baz Bahadur, mortal of the Sultanate of Malwa. (Right half of a double-page composition with 91.)[80] | B II: 213 P II: 137 | tarh: Jagan ʿamal: Qabūl Chela | IS.
2:10-1896 | |
| 91 | Defeat and escape of Baz Bahadur. | B II: 213 P II: 137 | tarh: Jagan ʿamal: Banwālī Kalān | IS. 2:11-1896 | |
| 92 | Battle in Jaunpur against the Afghans of class Sūr dynasty. | B II: 216 P II: 139 | tarh: Kānhā ʿamal: Khīman Sangtarāsh | IS.
2:12-1896 | |
| 93 | Victory of the Uzbek Mughal public ʿAli Quli Khan over leadership Afghans in Jaunpur on ethics banks of the Gomti. | B II: 216 P II: 139 | tarh: Kānhā ʿamal: Banwālī Khurd | IS. 2:13-1896 | |
| 94 | On an express amble to Malwa, Akbar passes influence fortress of Gagron.
The director of the castle voluntarily safekeeping him the keys without uncomplicated fight. | B II: 218 P II: 140 | tarh: keine Angabe ʿamal: Mādhav Kalān | IS. 2:14-1896 | |
| 95 | Akbar's milk brother Adham Khan, who had arbitrarily distributed the proceeds after the victory over Baz Bahadur, shows Akbar his agreeableness.
A cheetah wearing a hoodwink can be seen at significance bottom of the picture. Abu 'l-Fazl explains in the Ā'īn-i Akbarī that this kept say publicly cheetahs quiet until they were actually used.[81] | B II: 219 P II: 141 | Khem Karan | IS. 2:15-1896 | |
| 96 | Adham Khan organizes a sumptuous repast for Akbar in Sarangpur, in he presents the spoils deprive the campaign against Baz Bahadur - including the dancers elegance originally wanted to keep get into himself. | B II: 221 P II: 142–3 | tarh: Kesav Kalān ʿamal: Dharmdās | IS. 2:16-1896 | |
| 97 | On rendering way back from Sarangpur unearthing Agra, the Mughal court encounters a tigress with five cubs near Narwar.[82] Akbar confronts other half alone and strikes her confound with a sword blow.
Honourableness five cubs are killed vulgar the attendants. (Right half depart a double-page composition with 98.) | B II: 222 P II: 144 | tarh: Basāwan ʿamal: Tārā Kalān nāmī chihra:[83] Basāwan. | IS. 2:17-1896 | |
| 98 | Fight against tigers near Narwar. | B II: 223 P II: 144 | tarh: Basāwan ʿamal: Sarwan. | IS. 2:18-1896 | |
| 99 | Hunting by Akbar birth the area around Agra. | B II: 226 | tarh: Basāwan ʿamal: Dharmdās | IS. 2:24-1896 | |
| 100 | ʿAli Quli Khan Zaman and his fellow-man Bahadur Khan make gifts equal Akbar, which include some marvellous elephants that are mentioned surpass name.[84] (Right half of topping double-page composition with 101.). | B II: 229 P II: 148 | tarh: Kesav rang āmīz:[85] Chetar | IS. 2:19-1896 | |
| 101 | ʿAli Quli Khan Saman and Bahadur Khan deliver their tribute payments (peshkash) to Akbar in Kara on the Ganges,[86] July 1561. | B II: 229 P II: 148 | tarh: Kesav Kalān rang āmīz: Chetar | IS. 2:20-1896 | |
| 102 | Akbar fights on the Musth elephant Hawa'i against the elephant Ranbagh. Atka Khan,[87] Currently primacy highest minister, he tries make dissuade Akbar from the wick fight by shouting and persuasive.
(Right half of a double-page composition with 103.) | B II: 234 P II: 151 | tarh: Basāwan ʿamal: Chetar | IS. 2:21-1896 | |
| 103 | When Ranbagh flees over a go over of boats, Hawa'i runs back end him. | B II: 234 | keine Zuschreibung | IS.
2:22-1896 | |
| 104 | Akbar contact Ajmer at the grave motionless Muʿin ud-Din Chishti. | B II: 243 | tarh: Basāwan ʿamal: Ikhlās chihra nāmī: Nānhā | IS. 2:23-1896 | |
| 7th regnal year (1562–1563) | |||||
| 105 | Battle for the fortress of Merta in the territory of Rai Maldev Rathor, ruler of Marwar. | B II: 250 P II: 162 | tarh: Mukund ʿamal: Khīman Sangtarāsh | IS. 2:25-1896 | |
| 106 | Nach der Eroberung von Bijagarh FortAfter the conclusion of Bijagarh Fort[88] and Burhanpur by the Mughal troops descend Pir Muhammad, an attack coarse Baz Bahadur and the herd of Khandesh threatens.
Against decency advice of his men, who would rather bring their prize from the last battles get entangled safety, Pir Muhammad insists muddle fighting Baz Bahadur. The Mughal troops are outnumbered, flee explode try to reach safety handling the other side of honourableness Narbada. Pir Muhammad drowns trim the process. | B II: 259 P II: 168 | tarh: Miskīnā ʿamal: Paras | IS.
2:26-1896 | |
| 107 | A exalted envoy of Shah Tahmasp Crazed conveys his condolences on justness death of Humayun and good wishes on Akbar's accession to say publicly throne. (Right half of wonderful double-page composition with 108.) | B II: 262 P II: 170 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Nand, Sohn von Rāmdās | IS.
2:27-1896 | |
| 108 | Sayyid Exhort, the Safavid envoy, has knocked out noble horses, precious fabrics soar various rarities as gifts. | B II: 262 P II: 170 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Ibrāhīm Kahār | IS. 2:28-1896 | |
| 109 | Adham Khan has Atka Khan, the highest vizier herbaceous border the empire, murdered in excellence audience hall because he evolution jealous of his high contigency.
Akbar personally strikes his abuse brother down with a clip and orders him to tweak thrown from the gallery firm footing the audience hall. As Adham Khan is not yet break down after the first fall, sharp-tasting is brought back up mount thrown down a second relating to. May 16, 1562. | B II:272 P II: 176 | tarh: Miskīn ʿamal: Shankar nāmī chihra: Miskīn | IS.
2:29-1896 | |
| 110 | Munʿim Khan, who difficult stirred up Adham Khan's possessiveness of Atka Khan, flees back end his murder for fear objection punishment. He wants to search for safety in Kabul. After uncluttered six-day journey, however, he bash arrested and brought back work stoppage court. | B II: 279 P II: 180 | tarh: Jagan ʿamal: Nāmān | IS. 2:30-1896 | |
| 8th regnal assemblage (1563–1564) | |||||
| 111 | Victory over Architect, Sultan of the Gakhar division in the Pothohar region. | B II: 299–300 P II: 193 | tarh: Tulsī ʿamal: Bhawānī chihra: Sānwala | IS.
2:31-1896 | |
| 112 | Sharaf ud-Din Husayn, a brother-in-law of the emperor,[89] had fallen out of help. Akbar therefore assigned his Jagir in Ajmer Husayn Quli Caravanserai. Sharaf ud-Din Husayn's deputy encumber Ajmer, Tarkhan Diwana, pictured manifestation the yellow robe, reluctantly surrenders the fortress to Husayn Quli Khan after a short beleaguerment. | B II: 304–5 P II: 196 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Nāmān chihra nāmī: Mukund | IS. 2:32-1896 | |
| 113 | Failed assassination attempt on Akbar barge in Delhi. The assassin is deal with immediately. | B II: 313 P II: 201 | tarh: Jagan ʿamal: Bhawānī Kalān chihra nāmī: Mādhav | IS.
2:33-1896 | |
| 9th regnal year (1564–1565) | |||||
| 114 | Abu'l Maʿali, formerly graceful confidant of Humayun, had immoral out of favor under Akbar and had sought refuge burden Kabul with Akbar's ten-year-old stepbrother Mirza Muhammad Hakim and crown influential mother Mah Chuchak Begam.
His high lineage prompted Mah Chuchak to marry him injure to her daughter. However, blessed his quest for unrestricted critical, Abu'l Maʿali murdered the Begam and some of her senate just a few months next and took control of nobility Mirza. Mirza Sulayman, [90] before appointed by Humayun as master of Badakhshan, intervenes in Kabul. Mirza Muhammad Hakim finally confidential Abu 'l-Maʿali executed. | B II: 321 P II: 207 | tarh: Jagan ʿamal: Asīr | IS. 2:34-1896 | |
| 115 | Rani Durgavati, the ruler of Garha in northern Gondwana, leads disallow troops into battle against birth Mughals and finally kills woman with her dagger when have time out defeat is foreseeable.
On that page you can clearly esteem the text fields that suppress been pasted on later. (Right half of a double-page constitution with 116.) | B II: 330 P II: 214 | tarh: Kesav ʿamal: Jagannāth | IS. 2:35-1896 | |
| 116 | Khwaja ʿAbd al-Majid Asaf Khan, one exert a pull on Akbar's most important commanders, fights in the battle against Ranee Durgavati. | B II: 330–31 P II: 214 | tarh: Kesav Kalān ʿamal: Narsingh | IS. 2:36-1896 | |
| 117 | Khwaja Muʿazzam, a half-brother of Akbar's mother,[91] has killed his wife. Like that which Akbar (in the green cloak, center left) confronts him, organized servant of Khwaja appears be proof against be about to attack glory ruler.
One of Akbar's entourage beats him to it lecture cuts off the servant's attitude. | B II: 337 P II: 218 | k. A. | IS. 2:37-1896 | |
| 118 | Khwaja Muʿazzam and the constant companions get through his drinking bouts are discomfited up and taken to nobility river, where they are sunken.
Khwaja Muʿazzam survives and equitable later imprisoned in the Gwalior fortress, where he eventually dies. | B II: 337 P II: 218–19 | k. A. | IS. 2:38-1896 | |
| 119 | On the way to Malwa, Akbar had wild elephants captured verge on be tamed (July 1564). Representation real aim of the toil expedition, however, was to input southwards without causing too yet of a stir and in all directions nip the rebellion of ʿAbdullah Khan Uzbeg, the governor delineate the province, in the make an effort. | B II: 342–43 | tarah: Mahesh ʿamal: Kesav Khurd | IS. 2:40-1896 | |
| 120 | Akbar watches the wild elephants he has just captured sheet tamed. | B II: 342–43 | tarah: Laʿl ʿamal: Sānwala | IS. 2:39-1896 | |
| 121 | With 300 men, Akbar defeats the numerically superior troops wear out ʿAbdullah Khan Uzbeg.
He yourself has escaped, but his drums and standards have been insincere and are presented to representation emperor here.[92] | B II: 348 P II: 227 | tarah: Mahesh ʿamal: Anant | IS. 2:41-1896 | |
| 122 | Mirza Sulayman light Badakhshan had tried to particular control of Akbar's brother Mirza Muhammad Hakim.
However, the current manages to escape and asks his brother for help. Akbar's troops therefore move north, be in first place liberating the fortress of Town and killing Qambar ʿAli, high-mindedness commander of the castle settled by M. Sulayman. | B II: 363 P II: 240–41 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Rāmdās | IS.
2:42-1896 | |
| 123 | Mirza Sulayman ends the siege long-awaited Kabul and flees from loftiness advancing Mughal army. | B II: 263–64 P II: 241 | ʿamal: Bhagwān nāmī chihra: Mādhav | IS. 2:49-1896 | |
| 10th regnal year (1565–1566) | |||||
| 124 | Several elephants were killed meanwhile a hunting trip in birth area of Narwar Fort weather Karera[93] captured and driven take on a nearby fortress.
To make certain that they have enough distilled water, Akbar has a large go around dug out and filled wrestle water. (Right half of wonderful double-sided composition with 125.) | B II: 371 P II: 245 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Harī | IS. 2:43-1896 | |
| 125 | Captive elephants in the manorhouse courtyard, for which Akbar locked away a water basin specially formality. | B II: 371 P II: 245 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Khem | IS. 2: 44-1896 | |
| 126 | Construction of authority Agra Fort (1565). (Right fifty per cent of a double-page composition join 127.) | B II: 373 P II: 247 | tarh: Miskīnā ʿamal: Sarwan. | IS. 2:45-1896 | |
| 127 | Construction of blue blood the gentry fortress of Agra. | B II: 373 P II: 247 | tarh: Miskīn ʿamal: Tulsī Khurd. | IS. 2:46-1896 | |
| 128 | In order to put fail a rebellion of Uzbek Amirs, led by ʿAli Quli Caravanserai Zaman and his brother Bahadur Khan, Akbar and his horde set off eastwards.
Two days' journey from Jaunpur, the Jagir of ʿAli Quli Khan, various Amirs pay their respects simulate the ruler. Asaf Khan takes the opportunity to present Akbar with some of the booty of war from the victory of the Gond Empire grandeur previous month.[94] In the environment is Jaunpur on the outpouring Gomti. July 1565 (right section of a double-page composition clank 129.). | B II: 379 | tarh: keine Angabe[95] ʿamal: Nānhā | IS. 2:51-1896 | |
| 129 | Asaf Khan presents the treasures from Garha. According to Akbar-nāma, the presentation of the esteem gifts took place two days' journey before Jaunpur.
However, illustriousness short informal note on significance left edge of the scope indicates that the fortress principal the background is Jaunpur. | B II: 379 | tarh: Miskīnā ʿamal: Bhagwān | IS. 2:52-1896 | |
| 130 | Concerned renounce his embezzlement of a sincere portion of the spoils show signs of war from Garha would fix discovered,[96] Asaf Khan flees grandeur court, which is still encamped in Jaunpur at this intention.
Akbar sends Shujaʿat Khan pounce on some men to pursue him. As they cross the River in boats at Kara, they are fired upon by Asaf Khan's followers. | B II: 383 | tarh: Tulsī Kalān ʿamal: Jagjīvan | IS. 2:47-1896 | |
| 131 | Im Dezember 1565 treffen sich Munʿim Khan (Khan Khanan) und ʿAli Quli Caravanserai Zaman, um eine Versöhnung site Akbar auszuhandeln.
Damit es keinesfalls unerwünschte Zuhörer gibt, treffen sie sich in Booten auf dem Ganges, in der Mitte zwischen Narainpur und Buxar. | B II: 386 | tarh: Kesav ʿamal: Banwālī Khurd | IS. 2:48-1896 | |
| 132 | ʿAli Quli Khan still refuses to compensation his respects to Akbar himself and instead sends Ibrahim Caravanserai and his mother to rectitude court, who bring elephants introduce gifts.
While the mother waits in the chambers of position imperial harem, Ibrahim Khan appears before Akbar with a wrangle the sword aggre and a shroud around dominion neck as a sign follow his - and ʿAli Quli Khan's - submission. He forgives ʿAli Quli Khan's insubordinate custom and orders that Ibrahim Khan's sword and shroud be uncordial. | B II: 388 P II: 260 | tarh: Basāvan ʿamal: Māh Muhammad | IS. 2:50-1896 | |
| 133 | Discussion between Bahadur Khan and Akbar's negotiator Mir Muʿizz al-Mulk about a imaginable remission of punishment for ʿAli Quli Khan Zaman. This test by Farrukh Beg seems bump into have been originally intended pursue a different manuscript.
The erased text at the top unacceptable bottom was, as is even visible, surrounded by a mist shape and was not, variety in all other illustrations look after this 1st Akbar-nāma, in honourable panels. The works of Farrukh Beg are recognizable by climax distinctive Persian style.[5] | B II: 389 | ʿamal: Farrukh Beg | IS.
2:96-1896 | |
| 134 | During the pursuit of ʿAli Quli Khan, the Mughal crowd fall into the hands advice the enemy's boats and funds. | B II: 395 P II: 266 | tarh: Kānhā ʿamal: Mukhlis | IS. 2:97-1896 | |
| 11th regnal year (1566–1567) | |||||
| 12th regnal year (1567–1568) | |||||
| 135 | In March 1567, Akbar had a huge qamargha booked in the province of City with thousands of drivers, which is described as the chief of all time.[97] In evacuate to the hunt itself, deft simultaneous event is depicted outward show the miniature at the outdistance right: The punishment of Hamid Bakari, a rider in loftiness bodyguard.[98] He had shot concerning member of the court look after an arrow and was here be beheaded.
However, as description beheading did not succeed, potentate head was shaved as prison term and he had to excursion around the hunting field meeting backwards on a donkey. (Right half of a double-page case in point with 136.) | B II: 417–18 P II: 282 | tarh wa nāmī chihra: Miskīnā ʿamal: Sarwan | IS.
2:55-1896 | |
| 136 | The painters have delineate the herded animals with just what the doctor ordered precision, so that the double-page spread also provides information fail to differentiate the fauna of northern Bharat in the 16th century. In the middle of others, markhor, urial, blackbuck, ilgai, chital, golden jackal, and paltry Indian civet can be seen.[99] | B II: 417–18 P II: 282 | tarh: Miskīnā ʿamal: Mansūr | IS.
2:56-1896 | |
| 137 | Asaf Khan and his kin Wazir Khan had briefly married ʿAli Quli Khan and coronet brother Bahadur Khan, but lacked to separate from them in addition. During an escape attempt, Asaf Khan was captured and set aside in a palanquin on proscribe elephant. His bound hands vesel be seen in the model.
Wazir Khan manages to painless his brother together with tiara son and some followers. For Wazir Khan's son fought desirable bravely, he was given grandeur honorary title of "Bahadur Khan". | B II: 419 P II: 283 | tarh: Jagan ʿamal: Narāyan chihra nāmī: Mādhav Khurd | IS.
2:53-1896 | |
| 138 | When Akbar returns to City after completing the Qamargha, pair men from his entourage deluge in the river Ravi. | B II: 419 | tarh: Laʿl ʿamal: Sānwala | IS. 2:54-1896 | |
| 139 | In City, Akbar learns that the Uzbeks around ʿAli Quli Khan musical revolting again.
He therefore hurries to Agra with his troop and camps en route back Thanesar, which lies in influence immediate vicinity of the legendary battle site of Kurukshetra. Religion devotees gathered there every epoch, generously distributing alms.[100] Since illustriousness share of the pious calibre depends not least on a-one favorable storage location,[101] a madcap dispute broke out between join groups of Sannyasins, which Abu 'l-Fazl referred to as Kur and Pūrī. Even before that, the outnumbered Puris are thought to have asked the Mughal ruler for support.[102] During stay, Akbar (pictured above, endless horseback) sends his own troops body into battle and helps distinction Puris to victory. The ruler of the Kur is deal with in the process. April 1567 (right half of a double-page composition with 140.) | B II: 424 P II: 287 | tarh: Basāwan ʿamal: Tārā Kalān | IS.
2:61-1896 | |
| 140 | |||||