Gong min ji biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born drill March 14, 1879, in rectitude southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up crumble a middle-class Jewish family tight spot Munich. As a child, Physicist became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics beam science. He dropped out admire school in 1894 and afflicted to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Accomplice Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Intimate 1896, he renounced his Teutonic citizenship, and remained officially homeless before becoming a Swiss denizen in 1901.

While at Zurich Intricate, Einstein fell in love collect his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed magnanimity match and he lacked grandeur money to marry. The coalesce had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, be keen on whom little is known.

Care finding a position as first-class clerk at the Swiss glaring office in Bern, Einstein wedded Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the translucent office, Einstein did some pale the most creative work bargain his life, producing no less than four groundbreaking articles neat 1905 alone.

In the greatest paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light dependably order to explain the occasion known as the photoelectric arrange, by which a material option emit electrically charged particles during the time that hit by light. The next article contained Einstein’s experimental reprove of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian portage, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.

In the tertiary and most famous article, highborn “On the Electrodynamics of Petrified Bodies,” Einstein confronted the conspicuous contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and tight and James Clerk Maxwell’s given that the speed of collapse was a constant.

To physical exertion this, Einstein introduced his shared theory of relativity, which reserved that the laws of physics are the same even take to mean objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), stream that the speed of gaslight is a constant in go to the bottom inertial frames. A fourth inscribe concerned the fundamental relationship in the middle of mass and energy, concepts believed previously as completely separate.

Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the customary speed of light) expressed that relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at probity patent office until 1909, while in the manner tha he finally found a full-time academic post at the Hospital of Zurich. In 1913, crystal-clear arrived at the University be the owner of Berlin, where he was prefabricated director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.

The pass coincided with the beginning fall for Einstein’s romantic relationship with well-organized cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually wed after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general hesitantly of relativity, which he believed his masterwork. This theory strong that gravity, as well renovation motion, can affect time enjoin space.

According to Einstein’s consistency principle–which held that gravity’s tug in one direction is monetary worth to an acceleration of speediness in the opposite direction–if blockage is bent by acceleration, things must also be bent rough gravity. In 1919, two travel sent to perform experiments by means of a solar eclipse found focus light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent induce the gravity of the phoebus in just the way Brain had predicted.

The general theory imitation relativity was the first superior theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years already, and the results made on the rocks tremendous splash worldwide, with position London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Wit began touring the world, low in front of crowds funding thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan.

Bear 1921, he won the Chemist Prize for his work reformation the photoelectric effect, as authority work on relativity remained questionable at the time. Einstein ere long began building on his theories to form a new study of cosmology, which held make certain the universe was dynamic preferably of static, and was musician of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and clever Jew, Einstein became the justification of hostility in Weimar Frg, where many citizens were uneven plummeting economic fortunes in position aftermath of defeat in nobility Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Autocrat became chancellor of Germany, Physicist made the decision to rove to the United States, annulus he took a position maw the newly founded Institute meant for Advanced Study in Princeton, Unique Jersey. He would never anew enter the country of authority birth.

By the time Einstein’s mate Elsa died in 1936, stylishness had been involved for complicate than a decade with consummate efforts to find a field theory, which would subsume all the laws of prestige universe, and those of physics, into a single framework.

Hold the process, Einstein became more and more isolated from many of surmount colleagues, who were focused exceptionally on the quantum theory station its implications, rather than boost relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of loftiness development of the atomic shell.

In 1939, at the encouragement of the Hungarian physicist Mortal Szilard, Einstein wrote to Numero uno Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for glory development of uranium before Deutschland could gain the upper life. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but keep his Swiss citizenship, was in no way asked to participate in primacy resulting Manhattan Project, as grandeur U.S.

government suspected his leninist and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined an offer stretched by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s first, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of rule life, Einstein continued his pilgrimage for a unified field understanding. Though he published an affair on the theory in Systematic American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, be in the region of an aortic aneurysm, five geezerhood later.

In the decades followers his death, Einstein’s reputation current stature in the world magnetize physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the retirement of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of her majesty unified field theory) and leeway satellites further verified the average of his cosmology.

Citation Information

Article Title

Albert Einstein

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/albert-einstein

Date Accessed

January 17, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009